Ukuncibilika kwe-arc kuyindlela ye-electrothermal metallurgical esebenzisa amandla kagesi ukukhiqiza i-arc phakathi kwama-electrode noma phakathi kwama-electrode nezinto ezincibilikisiwe ukuze kuncibilike izinsimbi. Ama-Arcs angenziwa kusetshenziswa okwamanje okuqondile noma okushintshanayo. Uma usebenzisa i-alternating current, kuzoba khona i-voltage enguziro esheshayo phakathi kwama-electrode amabili. Ekuncibilikeni kwe-vacuum, ngenxa yokuminyana kwegesi ephansi phakathi kwama-electrode amabili, kulula ukubangela ukuthi i-arc icishe. Ngakho-ke, amandla kagesi e-DC ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuncibilika kwe-vacuum arc.
Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokushisa, ukuncibilika kwe-arc kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: ukuncibilika kwe-arc yokushisa okuqondile kanye nokuncibilika kwe-arc yokushisa okungaqondile. Izinkomba eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho zokuncibilika kwe-arc zihlanganisa isikhathi sokuncibilika, inani lezinto eziqinile zesithando somlilo ezincibilikisiwe ngesikhathi seyunithi ngayinye (umthamo wokukhiqiza), ukusetshenziswa kukagesi okuqinile kwesithando somlilo, izinto eziphikisayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-electrode, njll.
1. Ukuncibilika kwe-arc yokushisa okuqondile
I-arc kagesi ekhiqizwa ukuncibilika kwe-arc yokushisa okuqondile iphakathi kwenduku ye-electrode kanye nezinto ezincibilikisiwe zomlilo. Impahla yesithando somlilo ishisa ngokuqondile i-arc kagesi, okuwumthombo wokushisa wokuncibilika. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuncibilika kwe-arc yokushisisa okuqondile: indlela yokuncibilikisa isithando somlilo esinezigaba ezintathu ze-arc kanye nendlela yokuncibilikisa i-vacuum yokushisa esetshenziswayo.
(1) Indlela yokuncibilikisa i-arc enezigaba ezintathu engaba yivacuum. Lena indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni insimbi. I-steelmaking electric arc furnace iwuhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lwe-nonvacuum yokushisa okuqondile okunezigaba ezintathu zomlilo we-arc kagesi. Isithando somlilo se-arc kagesi esivame ukubizwa ngaso abantu sibhekisela kulolu hlobo lwesithando somlilo. Ukuze uthole insimbi ephezulu ye-alloy, kuyadingeka ukwengeza izingxenye ze-alloy ensimbi, ulungise okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni nokunye okuqukethwe kwe-alloy yensimbi, ususe ukungcola okuyingozi njengesulfure, i-phosphorus, i-oxygen, i-nitrogen, ne-non-metallic inclusions ngezansi. ububanzi obushiwo bomkhiqizo. Le misebenzi yokuncibilikisa ilungele kakhulu ukuqedela esithandweni somlilo esisebenza ngogesi. Umkhathi ongaphakathi kwesithando se-arc kagesi ungalawulwa ukuthi ube ne-oxidizing ebuthakathaka noma unciphise ngokwenza i-slag. Ukwakheka kwe-alloy esithandweni se-arc kagesi kunokulahlekelwa okuncane okuvuthayo, futhi inqubo yokushisa kulula ukuyilungisa. Ngakho-ke, nakuba ukuncibilika kwe-arc kudinga inani elikhulu lamandla kagesi, le ndlela isasetshenziswa embonini ukuncibilikisa izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene ze-alloy grade.
(2) Indlela yokuncibilikisa isithando somlilo se-arc esishisayo esiqondile. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuncibilikisa izinsimbi ezincibilikayo ezisebenzayo neziphakeme njenge-titanium, zirconium, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, nama-alloys awo. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuncibilikisa izinsimbi ze-alloy ezifana nensimbi engashisi, insimbi engagqwali, insimbi yamathuluzi, nensimbi enensimbi. Insimbi encibilikiswe yisithando somlilo esisetshenziswa yi-arc esishisayo esishisayo inokuncipha kwegesi nokungcola okuguquguqukayo kokuqukethwe, futhi ingot ngokuvamile ayinayo i-porosity emaphakathi. I-ingot crystallization ifana kakhulu, futhi izakhiwo zensimbi ziyathuthukiswa. Inkinga ngokuncibilika kwe-vacuum yokushisa okuqondile kwe-arc esithandweni somlilo ukuthi kunzima ukulungisa ukwakheka kwezinsimbi (ama-alloys). Nakuba izindleko zemishini yesithando somlilo ziphansi kakhulu kunesithando somlilo sokungeniswa kwe-vacuum, siphakeme kunesithando somlilo we-slag kagesi, futhi izindleko zokuncibilikisa nazo ziphakeme kakhulu. I-vacuum self consuming electric arc furnace yaqala ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni ngo-1955, ekuqaleni isetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa i-titanium, kamuva yasetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa ezinye izinsimbi ezincibilika kakhulu, izinsimbi ezisebenzayo, nezinsimbi ze-alloy.
2. Ukuncibilika kwe-arc yokushisa okungaqondile
I-arc ekhiqizwe ukuncibilika kwe-arc yokushisa okungaqondile iphakathi kwama-electrode amabili e-graphite, futhi impahla yesithando somlilo ishiswa ngokungaqondile yi-arc. Le ndlela yokuncibilikisa isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuncibilikisa ama-alloys ethusi nawethusi. Ukuncibilika kwe-arc yokushisisa okungaqondile kancane kancane kuthathelwa indawo ezinye izindlela zokuncibilika ngenxa yomsindo wayo ophezulu kanye nekhwalithi yensimbi ephansi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-25-2024