Ukuze uthole ukukhishwa kwe-alloy yethusi okufanelekile, uketshezi olufanelekile lwe-copper alloy kufanele lutholwe kuqala. Ukuncibilikiswa kwe-alloy yethusi kungenye yezihluthulelo zokuthola ukubunjwa okunegolide lekhwalithi ephezulu. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokukhubazeka okuvamile kokukhishwa kwe-alloy yethusi, njengezakhiwo ezingafanelekile zemishini, i-porosity, ukufakwa kwe-oxidation slag, ukuhlukaniswa, njll, ukulawulwa kwenqubo yokuncibilika okungalungile. Izidingo zekhwalithi ye-copper alloy liquid zifaka izici ezilandelayo.
(1) Lawula ngokuqinile ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali engxubevange. Ukwakheka kuthinta ngqo ukwakheka kanye nezakhiwo zengxubevange, ekudongeni ukuqonda ukwakheka kwamabanga ahlukahlukene ohla lokuguquguquka kwengxubevange yethusi kanye nokulahlekelwa okuvuthayo kwezakhi, kulula ukushisa izakhi ukuze kuthuthukiswe isilinganiso sazo sokulinganisa ngokufanele.
(2) Uketshezi lwengxube yethusi oluhlanzekile. Ukuze uvimbele i-alloy ekuhogeleni nasekufakeni i-oxidizing ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, ukushaja namathuluzi kufanele kushiswe kuqala futhi omiswe, futhi i-crucible kufanele ishiswe kuqala ibe bomvu obumnyama (ngaphezu kuka-600C) ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ukuze kugwenywe ukuletha amanzi futhi kubangele ukufisa. I-ejenti yokumboza kufanele yengezwe kolunye uketshezi lwe-alloy yethusi ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwezakhi ezivuthayo ze-oxidative futhi kugweme ukufakwa kwe-oxidation slag ekubunjweni.
(3) Lawula ngokuqinile izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo nokuthela. Ukushisa okuphezulu okuncibilika kulula ukubangela ukuthi i-alloy inhale, futhi ukufakwa kwe-oxidation slag kuzokwanda, ikakhulukazi ngethusi le-aluminium. Uma izinga lokushisa lokuphonsa liphezulu kakhulu, kuzobangelwa ama-pores, ikakhulukazi ithusi le-tin-phosphorus.
(4) Vimbela ukuhlukaniswa kwezakhi ze-alloying. Ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu ku- density kanye nephuzu elincibilikayo lezinto ezihlukahlukene, izici ze-crystallization ze-alloy nazo zihlukile, okulula ukubangela ukuhlukaniswa okuthile kwamandla adonsela phansi kanye nokuhlukaniswa okuphambene, njengokuhlukaniswa okuqondile kwamandla adonsela phansi kwethusi eliholayo kubonakala ikakhulukazi, futhi ukuhlukaniswa okuphambene kwe-tin phosphorus bronze nakho kusobala. Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo zobuchwepheshe kufanele zithathwe ukuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa. Ukuze uthole uketshezi olufanelekile lwe-copper alloy, kuyadingeka ukwazi kahle zonke izici zenqubo yokuncibilika, njengokulungiswa kokushaja, ukuhleleka kokushaja, ukuvimbela ukumuncwa kwegesi, ukusebenzisa i-flux ephumelelayo, i-deoxidation, ukucwengisiswa, ukulawula ngokuqinile izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo nokuthulula. izinga lokushisa, ukulungisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali. I-alloy yethusi izohambisana ne-oxidation engathi sína kanye nezimo ezikhuthazayo ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, ikakhulukazi uma kushisa kakhulu. Ama-oxide e-copper alloy (afana ne-Cu₂O) angancibilika oketshezini lwethusi, ukuze kwehliswe i-CuO oketshezini lwethusi, inani elifanele le-ejenti ye-deoxygenation ukuze kukhishwe umoya-mpilo. Umthamo wokumunca we-copper alloy liquid unamandla kakhulu, umhwamuko wamanzi kanye ne-oxygen yizona zizathu eziyinhloko ze-porosity ye-alloy yethusi, futhi inqubo yokukhipha igesi ngesikhathi sokuncibilika ibizwa ngokuthi "i-degassing". Inqubo yokukhipha i-insoluble oxide inclusions kusuka ku-alloys yethusi ibizwa ngokuthi "ukucwenga". Lapho i-alloy yethusi incibilika, ikakhulukazi esimweni sokushisa ngokweqile, ukumunca kubaluleke kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukulawula ngokuqinile izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo futhi usebenzise isimiso "sokuncibilika ngokushesha". Ama-alloys ethusi ahlukahlukene aqukethe kokubili indawo ephezulu yokuncibilika kanye nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali ezakhi ze-alloying (ezifana ne-Fe, Mn, Ni, njll.), kodwa futhi aqukethe indawo encibilikayo ephansi kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali zezakhi ze-alloying ezisebenzayo (ezifana ne-Al, Zn, njll.) , ukuminyana kwezakhi ezihlukahlukene nakho kukhulu, inqubo yokuncibilika kwe-alloy yethusi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, zonke izinhlobo zokuncibilika kwe-alloy yethusi umehluko mkhulu, ngakho-ke ukuncibilika kufanele qaphela ukuhleleka kokuphakelayo, Impahla esetshenziswayo kanye nezinto zokushajwa kabusha kufanele kuhlukaniswe ngokuqinile futhi kulawulwe, ikakhulukazi izinto zokushajwa kabusha kufanele zivinjelwe ngokuqinile ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali okungafanelekile ngenxa yokuxuba.
Inqubo evamile yokuncibilika kwe-alloy yethusi yilezi: ukulungiswa kokushaja ngaphambi kokuncibilika, ukushisa kwangaphambili kwe-crucible, ukuncibilika kokudla, i-deoxidation, ukucwenga, ukukhishwa kwegesi, ukulungiswa kwamakhemikhali kanye nezinga lokushisa, ukuchithwa kwe-slag, ukuthulula. Le nqubo engenhla ayifani ncamashi nengxube yethusi ngayinye, njengethusi lethini ngokuvamile licwengwa ngaphandle kokushintshashintsha, futhi ithusi ngokuvamile alikhishwa i-deoxidized.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-10-2023