Ibi-afẹde irin n tọka si ohun elo ti a pinnu ti awọn patikulu ti o n gbe agbara-giga ti o ni ipa. Ni afikun, nipa rirọpo oriṣiriṣi awọn ohun elo ibi-afẹde (fun apẹẹrẹ, aluminiomu, bàbà, irin alagbara, irin, titanium, awọn ibi-afẹde nickel, bbl), awọn ọna fiimu oriṣiriṣi (fun apẹẹrẹ, superhard, wear-sooro, anti-corrosi...
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