Alloys da lori fadaka ati awọn miiran awọn irin. Ọpọlọpọ awọn oriṣiriṣi awọn ohun elo fadaka, eyiti o ṣe pataki julọ ni: awọn ohun elo fadaka-ejò, awọn ohun elo fadaka-magnesium, fadaka-nickel alloys, fadaka-tungsten alloys, fadaka-irin alloys ati fadaka-cerium alloys.
Awọn ohun elo irin iyebiye pẹlu fadaka bi paati akọkọ. Ni gbogbogbo lo fadaka tabi fadaka ti o ga julọ (99.9 *** loke) bi awọn ohun elo aise, yẹ ki o yago fun bismuth, lead, antimony ati awọn idoti ipalara miiran. Fadaka le ṣe agbekalẹ pẹlu ọpọlọpọ awọn eroja ni ojutu to lagbara, awọn agbo ogun intermetallic tabi ipele agbedemeji, bakanna bi ọpọlọpọ awọn iru awọn ohun elo alapọpọ (alloy eke). Ti o da lori awọn iwulo, wọn le ṣe si alakomeji, ternary tabi polyalloys. Awọn alloy fadaka jẹ lilo pupọ ni ọpọlọpọ awọn agbegbe ti imọ-ẹrọ ile-iṣẹ.
Awọn ohun elo akọkọ ti awọn ohun elo fadaka ni:
(1) ohun elo brazing ti fadaka, nipataki fadaka-Ejò-zinc alloys bi ipilẹ fun akopọ ti jara alloy, gẹgẹbi eto AgCuZn, eto AgCuZnCd, eto AgCuZnNi; fadaka-nickel alloy, fadaka-Ejò alloy;
Ti o ni 90% fadaka ati 10% Ejò alloy ti a npe ni fadaka owo, aaye yo 875 ℃; ti o ni awọn 80% fadaka ati 20% Ejò alloy ti a npe ni itanran iṣẹ fadaka, yo ojuami 814 ℃; ti o ni 40% tabi 60% fadaka ati bàbà, zinc, awọn alloys cadmium ti a pe ni solder fadaka, aaye yo ti o tobi ju 600 ℃. Ni akọkọ lo lati sopọ awọn ibeere agbara ti o ga julọ ti awọn ọja irin.
(2) awọn ohun elo olubasọrọ ti o da lori fadaka, paapaa fadaka-ejò alloy (AgCu3, AgCu7.5), ati fadaka-cadmium oxide alloy ati fadaka-nickel alloy;
(3) Awọn ohun elo ti o da lori fadaka, fadaka manganese tin alloy resistance olùsọdipúpọ jẹ iwọntunwọnsi, olùsọdipúpọ iwọn otutu resistance jẹ kekere, agbara gbigbona Ejò jẹ kekere, le ṣee lo bi resistor boṣewa ati awọn ohun elo yikaka potentiometer; fadaka molybdenum alloy, fadaka tungsten alloy, fadaka ferroalloy, fadaka cadmium alloy;
(4) Awọn ohun elo ti o da lori fadaka, ti o wọpọ ti fadaka-tin alloy AgSn3 ~ 5, AgPb0.4 ~ 0.7, AgPd3 ~ 5 ati bẹbẹ lọ;
(5) Awọn ohun elo ehín ti o da lori fadaka, amalgam fadaka, ti a tun mọ ni amalgam, jẹ mercury bi epo, fadaka-copper-tin-zinc bi lulú alloy, iṣesi naa waye nipasẹ lilọ ati iṣelọpọ iru alloy kan, jẹ diẹ bojumu veneer ohun elo. Silver amalgam AgxHg, funfun uneven brittle ri to. Awọn akopọ rẹ yatọ da lori iwọn otutu ti iṣelọpọ; Ag13Hg (445°C), Ag11Hg (357°C), Ag4Hg (302°C), AgHg2 (kere ju 300°C)
Awọn ohun-ini alloy fadaka dara si.
Silver jẹ rirọ pupọ ati rọrun lati ṣiṣẹ. Lati le mu agbara ati lile rẹ pọ si ati ki o pọ si irẹwẹsi wiwu rẹ, tipẹtipẹ awọn eniyan ti ṣafikun bàbà si fadaka lati ṣe awọn ohun elo fadaka-Ejò, eyiti a lo ninu awọn ohun-ọṣọ, awọn ohun elo tabili ati awọn owó fadaka. Lati mu iṣẹ ṣiṣe ti fadaka-ejò alloy dara si, nigbagbogbo ṣafikun nickel, beryllium, vanadium, lithium ati ẹgbẹ kẹta miiran ti awọn eroja sinu awọn alloy ternary. Ni afikun, ọpọlọpọ awọn eroja miiran ti a fi kun si fadaka tun le ṣe ipa kan ninu okun.
Botilẹjẹpe fadaka jẹ inert ni oju-aye Organic, ṣugbọn o rọrun lati jẹ ipata afẹfẹ ti o ni imi-ọjọ imi-ọjọ ati sulfide. Ilọsiwaju ti fadaka sulfide resistance jẹ tun nipasẹ awọn ọna ti alloying, gẹgẹ bi awọn afikun ti wura ati palladium le din awọn oṣuwọn ti fadaka sulfide film iran. Ni afikun, ọpọlọpọ awọn eroja irin ipilẹ gẹgẹbi manganese, antimony, tin, germanium, arsenic, gallium, indium, aluminiomu, zinc, nickel, vanadium sinu fadaka tun le mu awọn ohun-ini egboogi-sulfuration dara si. Awọn ohun elo olubasọrọ itanna ti o da lori fadaka jẹ ọpọlọpọ awọn oriṣi, ipo alloy wa, tun wa ni lilo ninu awọn ọna irin lulú ti a ṣe ti alloy eke, idi ni lati teramo, wọ-sooro ati ilọsiwaju awọn ohun-ini olubasọrọ itanna.
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Akoko ifiweranṣẹ: Mar-07-2024