Ukunyibilika kwe-arc yindlela ye-electrothermal metallurgical esebenzisa amandla ombane ukuvelisa i-arc phakathi kwee-electrode okanye phakathi kwee-electrodes kunye nezinto ezinyibilikayo zokunyibilikisa isinyithi. IiArcs zinokuveliswa kusetyenziswa umsinga othe ngqo okanye otshintshanayo. Xa usebenzisa i-alternating current, kuya kubakho i-voltage ye-zero ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwee-electrode ezimbini. Kwi-vacuum melting, ngenxa yokuxinana kwegesi ephantsi phakathi kwee-electrode ezimbini, kulula ukubangela ukuba i-arc icime. Ke ngoko, unikezelo lwamandla eDC lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukunyibilika kwe-vacuum arc.
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufudumeza, ukunyibilika kwe-arc kunokwahlulwa kube ngamacandelo amabini: ukunyibilika ngokuthe ngqo kwe-arc kunye nokunyibilika okungathanga ngqo kwe-arc. Iimpawu eziphambili zezobugcisa kunye nezoqoqosho ze-arc zokunyibilika zibandakanya ixesha lokunyibilika, ubuninzi bezinto eziqinileyo zomlilo ezincibilikisiwe ngexesha leyunithi (umthamo wokuvelisa), iyunithi yombane oqinileyo wokusetyenziswa kombane, izinto eziphikisayo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-electrode, njl.
1. Ukunyibilika kwe-arc yokufudumeza ngokuthe ngqo
I-arc yombane eyenziwa ngokutshisa ngokuthe ngqo i-arc melting iphakathi kwentonga ye-electrode kunye nesixhobo somlilo esinyibilikisiweyo. Isixhobo somlilo sifudumeza ngokuthe ngqo kwi-arc yombane, eyona mthombo wokushisa ukunyibilika. Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zokunyibilika kwe-arc yokufudumeza ngokuthe ngqo: ukufudumeza ngokuthe ngqo kwesigaba sesithathu se-arc indlela yokunyibilikisa kunye nendlela yokufudumeza ngokuthe ngqo i-vacuum esetyenziswayo yokunyibilikisa i-arc.
(1) Non vacuum ukufudumeza ngqo isigaba esithathu arc ukunyibilika indlela. Le yindlela esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekwenzeni intsimbi. Isteelmaking electric arc furnace lolona hlobo lubalulekileyo lwenonvacuum yokufudumeza ngokuthe ngqo isigaba sombane se-arc. Isithando sombane sombane esibizwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngabantu sibhekisela kulolu hlobo lwesithando somlilo. Ukuze ufumane i-alloy yensimbi ephezulu, kuyimfuneko ukongeza amacandelo e-alloy kwintsimbi, ukulungelelanisa umxholo wekhabhoni kunye nezinye izinto ezixubileyo zensimbi, ukususa ukungcola okuyingozi njengesulfure, i-phosphorus, i-oksijeni, i-nitrogen, kunye ne-non-metallic inclusions ngezantsi. uluhlu oluchaziweyo lwemveliso. Le misebenzi yokunyibilikisa yeyona ilunge kakhulu ukuyigqiba kwiziko lombane le-arc. Umoya ongaphakathi kwisithando sombane se-arc unokulawulwa ukuba ube buthathaka oxidizing okanye unciphise ngokwenza i-slag. Ukubunjwa kwe-alloy kwisithando sombane se-arc kunokulahleka okutshisa okuncinci, kwaye inkqubo yokufudumala kulula ukuyilungisa. Ke ngoko, nangona ukunyibilika kwe-arc kufuna isixa esikhulu samandla ombane, le ndlela isasetyenziswa kwishishini ukunyibilikisa iintsimbi zodidi oluphezulu lwealloy.
(2) Indlela yokunyibilikisa i-vacuum ye-arc yesithando sokufudumeza ngokuthe ngqo. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukunyibilikisa isinyithi esisebenzayo kunye neendawo eziphezulu zokunyibilika ezifana ne-titanium, i-zirconium, i-tungsten, i-molybdenum, i-tantalum, i-niobium, kunye ne-alloys yazo. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa iintsimbi ze-alloy ezifana nentsimbi enganyangekiyo ekushiseni, intsimbi engatyiwa, isixhobo sentsimbi, kunye nentsimbi yokuthwala. Isinyithi esinyibilikisiwe yi-vacuum vacuum consumable consumable furnace inokuncipha kwegesi kunye nokungcola okuguquguqukayo, kwaye i-ingot ngokubanzi ayinayo i-porosity ephakathi. I-crystallization ye-ingot ifana kakhulu, kwaye iimpawu zetsimbi ziphuculwe. Ingxaki ngokufudumeza ngokuthe ngqo i-vacuum esetyenziswayo i-arc furnace melting kukuba kunzima ukulungelelanisa ukubunjwa kwesinyithi (i-alloys). Nangona iindleko zezixhobo zesithando somlilo ziphantsi kakhulu kunezo ze-vacuum induction furnace, ziphezulu kuneziko lombane le-slag, kwaye iindleko zokunyibilikisa nazo ziphezulu kakhulu. I-vacuum self consuming electric furnace yaqala ukusetyenziswa kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso ngo-1955, ekuqaleni isetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa i-titanium, kwaye kamva ekunyibilikiseni ezinye iintsimbi ezinyibilikayo eziphezulu, iintsimbi ezisebenzayo, kunye neentsimbi zealloy.
2. Ukunyibilika kwe-arc yokufudumeza ngokungathanga ngqo
I-arc eveliswa ngokutshisa ngokungathanga ngqo i-arc melting iphakathi kwee-electrode ezimbini zegraphite, kwaye izinto zesithando somlilo zifudumeza ngokungangqalanga nge-arc. Le ndlela yokunyibilikisa isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukunyibilikisa ialloys ubhedu kunye nobhedu. Ukunyibilika kwe-arc yokufudumeza ngokungangqalanga ngokuthe ngcembe kuthathelwa indawo ngezinye iindlela zokunyibilika ngenxa yengxolo ephezulu kunye nomgangatho ombi wesinyithi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-25-2024