I-alloys esekelwe kwisilivere kunye nezinye isinyithi. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeengxube zesilivere, ezona zibaluleke kakhulu: ii-alloys zesilivere-zethusi, i-alloys yesilivere-magnesium, i-alloys yesilivere-nickel, i-silver-tungsten alloys, i-alloys ye-iron-iron kunye ne-silver-cerium alloys.
Izinto ezixabisekileyo zentsimbi kunye nesilivere njengenxalenye ephambili. Ngokuqhelekileyo sebenzisa isilivere ecocekileyo okanye isilivere ecocekileyo (99.9 *** ngasentla) njengezinto ezibonakalayo, kufuneka ugweme i-bismuth, i-lead, i-antimony kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo. Isilivere inokuqulunqwa ngezinto ezininzi kwisisombululo esiqinileyo, i-intermetallic compounds okanye isigaba esiphakathi, kunye neentlobo ezininzi zezinto ezidibeneyo (i-alloy yamanga). Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno, zingenziwa zibe yibhinari, i-ternary okanye i-polyalloys. Iialloys zesilivere zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezininzi zobugcisa bezoshishino.
Usetyenziso oluphambili lwealloys zesilivere zezi:
(1) i-brazing esekelwe kwisilivere, ngokukodwa i-alloys yesilivere-zethusi-zinc njengesiseko sokuqulunqwa koluhlu lwe-alloy, njengenkqubo ye-AgCuZn, inkqubo ye-AgCuZnCd, inkqubo ye-AgCuZnNi; i-alloy yesilivere-nickel, i-alloy yesilivere-yobhedu;
Ine-90% yesilivere kunye ne-10% yealloyi yobhedu ebizwa ngokuba yimali yesilivere, indawo yokunyibilika ngama-875 ℃; iqulethe i-80% yesilivere kunye ne-20% ye-alloy yobhedu ebizwa ngokuba yisilivere yomsebenzi omhle, indawo yokunyibilika 814 ℃; equlathe 40% okanye 60% yesilivere kunye nobhedu, zinc, cadmium alloys ebizwa ngokuba silver solder, indawo yokunyibilika enkulu kuno 600 ℃. Ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iimfuno zamandla aphezulu kwiimveliso zetsimbi.
(2) izinto zoqhagamshelwano ezisekelwe kwisilivere, ubukhulu becala i-alloy ye-silver-copper (AgCu3, AgCu7.5), kunye ne-silver-cadmium oxide alloy kunye ne-silver-nickel alloy;
(3) izinto zokuxhathisa ezisekelwe kwisilivere, isilivere ye-manganese ye-tin alloy resistance coefficient iphakathi, i-coefficient yokumelana nobushushu iphantsi, i-coefficient yokushisa yobhedu incinci, ingasetyenziswa njenge-resistor esemgangathweni kunye ne-potentiometer ejikelezayo; isilivere ye-molybdenum alloy, i-alloy ye-tungsten yesilivere, i-ferroalloy yesilivere, i-alloy yesilivere ye-cadmium;
(4) izinto zokucwenga ezisekelwe kwisilivere, ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo isilivere-tin ingxubevange AgSn3 ~ 5, AgPb0.4 ~ 0.7, AgPd3 ~ 5 njalo njalo;
5 Yeyona mathiriyeli ifanelekileyo yeveneer. Isilivere i-amalgam AgxHg, emhlophe engalinganiyo eqinileyo eqinileyo. Ukubunjwa kwayo kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiqondo lokushisa lokubunjwa; Ag13Hg (445°C), Ag11Hg (357°C), Ag4Hg (302°C), AgHg2 (ngaphantsi kwama-300°C)
Iipropati ze-alloy zesilivere ziphucula.
Isilivere ithambe kakhulu kwaye kulula ukusebenza. Ukuze kuphuculwe amandla kunye nobunzima kunye nokwandisa ukuxhathisa kwayo, kudala abantu bongeza ubhedu kwisilivere ukwenza i-alloys yesilivere-yobhedu, esetyenziselwa ubucwebe, i-tableware kunye neengqekembe zesilivere. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwe-alloy yesilivere-yobhedu, kaninzi ukongeza i-nickel, i-beryllium, i-vanadium, i-lithium kunye nelinye iqela lesithathu lezinto kwii-alloys ze-ternary. Ukongeza, kukho ezinye izinto ezininzi ezongeziweyo kwisilivere nazo zinokudlala indima ekomelezeni.
Nangona isilivere inert in the organic atmosphere, kodwa kulula ukuba isalfure-equlathe umoya umhlwa kunye sulfide. Ukuphuculwa kokumelana ne-sulfide yesilivere kukwakho ngeendlela zokudibanisa, ezifana nokongezwa kwegolide kunye ne-palladium kunokunciphisa izinga lokuvelisa ifilimu ye-sulfide yesilivere. Ukongeza, izinto ezininzi ezisisiseko zetsimbi ezifana ne-manganese, i-antimony, i-tin, i-germanium, i-arsenic, i-gallium, i-indium, i-aluminium, i-zinc, i-nickel, i-vanadium kwisilivere inokuphucula iimpawu zayo zokulwa ne-sulfuration. Izixhobo zokunxibelelana zombane ezisekelwe kwisilivere zininzi iintlobo, kukho i-alloy state, zikwasetyenziswa kwiindlela ze-powder metallurgy ezenziwe nge-alloy yobuxoki, injongo kukuqinisa, ukunxiba kunye nokuphucula iimpawu zoqhagamshelwano zombane.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-07-2024