Gushonga kwa Arc nuburyo bwa electrothermal metallurgical ikoresha ingufu zamashanyarazi kugirango habeho arc hagati ya electrode cyangwa hagati ya electrode nibikoresho byashongeshejwe gushonga ibyuma. Arcs irashobora kubyara hakoreshejwe uburyo butaziguye cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo guhinduranya. Mugihe ukoresheje guhinduranya amashanyarazi, hazabaho ako kanya voltage ya zeru hagati ya electrode ebyiri. Mu gushonga kwa vacuum, kubera ubwinshi bwa gaze hagati ya electrode zombi, biroroshye gutera arc kuzimya. Kubwibyo, amashanyarazi ya DC akoreshwa muri vacuum arc gushonga.
Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gushyushya, gushonga arc birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: gushyushya arc gushonga no gushushya indirect arc gushonga. Ibipimo byingenzi bya tekiniki nubukungu byerekana gushonga arc harimo igihe cyo gushonga, ubwinshi bwibikoresho byo mu itanura rikomeye byashongeshejwe mugihe cyumwanya umwe (ubushobozi bwo gukora), itanura rikomeye ryibikoresho byamashanyarazi, ibikoresho bivunika, gukoresha electrode, nibindi.
1 heating Gushyushya neza arc gushonga
Amashanyarazi arc yakozwe nubushyuhe butaziguye arc gushonga ni hagati yinkoni ya electrode nibikoresho bikozwe mu itanura. Ibikoresho byo mu itanura bishyushya byimazeyo arc yamashanyarazi, niyo soko yubushyuhe bwo gushonga. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwo gushyushya arc gushonga: non vacuum itaziguye ishyushya ibyiciro bitatu arc itanura ryuburyo bwo gushyushya hamwe nuburyo bwo gushyushya vacuum itaziguye ikoreshwa rya arc itanura.
(1) Non vacuum itaziguye gushyushya ibyiciro bitatu arc gushonga. Ubu ni uburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo gukora ibyuma. Itanura ryamashanyarazi arc itanura nubwoko bwingenzi bwa non vacuum itaziguye ishyushya ibyiciro bitatu byamashanyarazi arc. Itanura ryamashanyarazi arc bikunze kuvugwa nabantu bivuga ubu bwoko bwitanura. Kugirango ubone ibyuma bivanze cyane, birakenewe ko wongeramo ibice bivangwa nibyuma, ugahindura ibirimo karubone nibindi bivangwa nibyuma, ukuraho umwanda wangiza nka sulfure, fosifore, ogisijeni, azote, hamwe nubutare butari munsi. urutonde rwihariye rwibicuruzwa. Iyi mirimo yo gushonga iroroshye cyane kurangiza mumatara ya arc arc. Ikirere kiri mu itanura ryamashanyarazi arc irashobora kugenzurwa kugirango ihindurwe neza cyangwa igabanuke binyuze mu gukora slag. Ibigize amavuta mu itanura ryamashanyarazi arc bifite igihombo gito cyo gutwika, kandi uburyo bwo gushyushya biroroshye guhinduka. Kubwibyo, nubwo gushonga arc bisaba ingufu nyinshi zamashanyarazi, ubu buryo buracyakoreshwa munganda gushonga ibyuma bitandukanye byo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
(2) Uburyo bwo gushyushya vacuum arc itanura uburyo bwo gushonga. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane gushonga ibyuma bikora cyane kandi bishonga cyane nka titanium, zirconium, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, hamwe na alloys. Irakoreshwa kandi mu gushonga ibyuma bivanze nkibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe, ibyuma bitagira umwanda, ibyuma byabikoresho, hamwe nicyuma. Icyuma cyashongeshejwe nubushyuhe butaziguye bwo gukoresha itanura rya arc rifite igabanuka rya gaze nibirimo umwanda uhindagurika, kandi ingot muri rusange ntabwo ifite ububobere bwo hagati. Ingot kristallisation irasa cyane, kandi ibyuma biratera imbere. Ikibazo cyo gushyushya vacuum itaziguye ikoreshwa rya arc itanura ni uko bigoye guhindura ibice byibyuma (alloys). Nubwo igiciro cyibikoresho byo mu itanura kiri hasi cyane ugereranije n’itanura rya vacuum induction, irarenze iy'itanura ry’amashanyarazi, kandi igiciro cyo gushonga nacyo kiri hejuru cyane. Vacuum yonyine ikoresha itanura ryamashanyarazi arc ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu nganda mu 1955, mu ntangiriro yo gushonga titanium, hanyuma nyuma yo gushonga ibindi byuma bishonga cyane, ibyuma bikora, hamwe nicyuma.
2 heating Gushyushya mu buryo butaziguye arc gushonga
Arc yakozwe nubushyuhe butaziguye arc gushonga ni hagati ya electrode ebyiri za grafite, kandi itanura ryashyutswe kuburyo butaziguye na arc. Ubu buryo bwo gushonga bukoreshwa cyane mu gushonga umuringa n'umuringa. Gushyushya mu buryo butaziguye arc gushonga bigenda bisimburwa nubundi buryo bwo gushonga kubera urusaku rwinshi hamwe nubwiza bwicyuma.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-25-2024