Uburyo bwo gushonga umuringa

Kugirango ubone umuringa wujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, ugomba kubanza kuboneka amazi yumuringa. Gushonga k'umuringa wavanze ni rumwe mu mfunguzo zo kubona umuringa wo mu rwego rwo hejuru ufite zahabu. Imwe mumpamvu nyamukuru zitera inenge zisanzwe zumuringa wumuringa, nkibikoresho byubukanishi butujuje ibyangombwa, porosity, okiside slag, gushyiramo amacakubiri, nibindi, ni kugenzura uburyo bwo gushonga bidakwiye. Ibisabwa kubwiza bwumuringa wumuringa urimo ibintu bikurikira.
(1) Kugenzura byimazeyo imiterere yimiti ivanze. Ibigize bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye imiterere n'imiterere ya alloy, mugukoresha kugirango dusobanukirwe nibice bitandukanye byurwego rwimihindagurikire yumuringa hamwe no gutakaza ibintu, byoroshye gutwika ibintu kugirango bitezimbere bikwiye.
(2) Amazi meza yumuringa. Kugirango wirinde amavuta guhumeka no guhumeka mugihe cyo gushonga, amafaranga hamwe nibikoresho bigomba gushyuha no gukama, kandi ingenzi igomba gushyukwa kugeza umutuku wijimye (hejuru ya 600C) mbere yo kuyikoresha kugirango wirinde kuzana amazi no gutera ibyifuzo. Igipfukisho kigomba kongerwaho mumazi amwe yumuringa kugirango wirinde cyangwa ugabanye igihombo cya okiside yibintu kandi wirinde kwinjizwa muri okiside.
(3) Kugenzura byimazeyo ubushyuhe no gusuka. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gushonga biroroshye gutera amavuta guhumeka, kandi okiside ya okiside iziyongera cyane cyane kumuringa wa aluminium. Iyo ubushyuhe bwa casting buri hejuru cyane, imyenge izaterwa cyane cyane kumuringa wa tin-fosifore.
(4) Irinde gutandukanya ibintu bivangavanze. Bitewe n’itandukaniro rinini mu bucucike no gushonga kw'ibintu bitandukanye, ibiranga kristu ya kirisiti na byo biratandukanye, bikaba byoroshye gutera amavunja yihariye no gutandukanya ibintu, nko gutandukanya uburemere bwihariye bw'umuringa w'icyuma biragaragara cyane, kandi gutandukanya gutandukanya tin fosifore y'umuringa nabyo biragaragara. Kubwibyo, ingamba zikoranabuhanga zigomba gufatwa kugirango hirindwe amacakubiri. Kugirango ubone amazi yumuringa yujuje ibyangombwa, birakenewe kumenya neza inzira zose zo gushonga, nko gutegura amafaranga, gutondekanya kwishyuza, kwirinda kwinjiza gaze, ukoresheje flux nziza, deoxidisation, gutunganya, kugenzura cyane ubushyuhe bwo gushonga no gusuka ubushyuhe, guhindura imiterere yimiti. Umuringa wumuringa uzajyana na okiside ikomeye nibintu bitera imbaraga mugihe cyo gushonga, cyane cyane iyo bishyushye. Okiside y'umuringa (nka Cu₂O) irashobora gushonga mumazi y'umuringa, kugirango ugabanye CuO mumazi y'umuringa, urugero rukwiye rwa deoxygeneque ikuraho ogisijeni. Ubushobozi bwo gukurura amazi yumuringa wumuringa birakomeye cyane, umwuka wamazi na ogisijeni nimpamvu nyamukuru zitera ubukana bwumuringa, kandi inzira yo gukuramo gaze mugihe cyo gushonga yitwa "degassing". Igikorwa cyo kuvanaho okiside idashobora gushiramo ibivangwa mu muringa byitwa "gutunganya". Iyo umuringa ushonga ushonga, cyane cyane mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bukabije, guswera birakomeye cyane, birakenewe rero kugenzura byimazeyo ubushyuhe bwo gushonga no gushyira mubikorwa ihame ryo "gushonga vuba". Umuringa utandukanye urimo umuringa urimo gushonga cyane hamwe nubushakashatsi bwimiti yibintu bivangwa (nka Fe, Mn, Ni, nibindi), ariko kandi bikubiyemo ingingo yo gushonga hamwe nibintu bya chimique yibintu bifatika (nka Al, Zn, nibindi) , ubucucike bwibintu bitandukanye nabwo ni bunini, uburyo bwo gushonga umuringa wumuringa biraruhije, ubwoko bwubwoko bwose bwumuringa wo gushonga butandukanye nabwo bunini, bityo gushonga bigomba kwitondera gahunda yo kugaburira, ibikoresho bito nibikoresho byo kwishyuza bigomba kuba Byashyizwe mubikorwa kandi bigacungwa, cyane cyane ibikoresho byo kwishyuza bigomba gukumirwa byimazeyo imiti itujuje ubuziranenge kubera kuvanga.
Inzira rusange yo gushonga umuringa ni: gutegura amafaranga mbere yo gushonga, gushyushya ibintu byingenzi, kugaburira gushonga, deoxidation, gutunganya, gutesha agaciro, guhindura imiterere yimiti nubushyuhe, gusiba ibishishwa, gusuka. Inzira yavuzwe haruguru ntabwo ihwanye neza na buri musemburo wumuringa, nkumuringa wamabati usanzwe utunganijwe nta flux, kandi umuringa ntabwo uba wanduye.