Aloyi zochokera siliva ndi zitsulo zina. Pali mitundu yambiri yazitsulo zasiliva, zomwe zofunika kwambiri ndizo: siliva-mkuwa, siliva-magnesium alloys, silver-nickel alloys, silver-tungsten alloys, silver-iron alloys ndi silver-cerium alloys.
Zida zachitsulo zamtengo wapatali ndi siliva monga gawo lalikulu. Nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito siliva wangwiro kapena siliva woyeretsedwa kwambiri (99.9*** pamwambapa) ngati zopangira, muyenera kupewa bismuth, lead, antimoni ndi zonyansa zina. Siliva imatha kupangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri muzitsulo zolimba, ma intermetallic mankhwala kapena gawo lapakati, komanso mitundu yambiri yazinthu zophatikizika (aloyi yabodza). Kutengera ndi zosowa, zitha kupangidwa kukhala binary, ternary kapena polyalloys. Ma alloys a siliva amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri aukadaulo wamafakitale.
Ntchito zazikulu zazitsulo zasiliva ndi:
(1) siliva-based brazing chuma, makamaka siliva-mkuwa-zinc aloyi monga maziko a zikuchokera mndandanda aloyi, monga AgCuZn dongosolo, AgCuZnCd dongosolo, AgCuZnNi dongosolo; siliva-nickel alloy, silver-copper alloy;
Muli 90% siliva ndi 10% aloyi yamkuwa yotchedwa ndalama zasiliva, malo osungunuka 875 ℃; munali 80% siliva ndi 20% aloyi mkuwa wotchedwa ntchito yabwino siliva, kusungunuka mfundo 814 ℃; munali 40% kapena 60% siliva ndi mkuwa, nthaka, cadmium aloyi otchedwa siliva solder, kusungunuka mfundo yaikulu kuposa 600 ℃. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kulumikiza zofunikira zamphamvu zazitsulo.
(2) zida zolumikizirana ndi siliva, makamaka aloyi yamkuwa yasiliva (AgCu3, AgCu7.5), ndi aloyi ya silver-cadmium oxide ndi alloy-nickel alloy;
(3) siliva ofotokoza kukana zipangizo, siliva manganese malata aloyi kukana koyenelera ndi zolimbitsa, kukana kutentha koyenera ndi otsika, mphamvu mkuwa matenthedwe mphamvu ndi yaing'ono, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati muyezo resistor ndi potentiometer mafelemu zipangizo; silver molybdenum alloy, silver tungsten alloy, silver ferroalloy, silver cadmium alloy;
(4) siliva-based plating zipangizo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri siliva-tin aloyi AgSn3 ~ 5, AgPb0.4 ~ 0.7, AgPd3 ~ 5 ndi zina zotero;
(5) siliva ofotokoza mano zipangizo, siliva amalgam, amatchedwanso amalgam, ndi mercury monga zosungunulira, siliva-mkuwa-tin-zinki monga aloyi ufa, zimene zimachitika mwa akupera ndi mapangidwe mtundu wa aloyi, ndiye zinthu zabwino kwambiri za veneer. Silver amalgam AgxHg, woyera wosafanana brittle wolimba. Mapangidwe ake amasiyana malinga ndi kutentha kwa mapangidwe; Ag13Hg (445°C), Ag11Hg (357°C), Ag4Hg (302°C), AgHg2 (osakwana 300°C)
Silver alloy katundu amakula bwino.
Silver ndi yofewa kwambiri komanso yosavuta kugwira ntchito. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zake ndi kuuma kwake ndikuwonjezera kukana kwake kuvala, kale anthu adawonjezera mkuwa ku siliva kuti apange zitsulo zamkuwa zasiliva, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zodzikongoletsera, tableware ndi ndalama zasiliva. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya aloyi ya siliva-mkuwa, nthawi zambiri kuwonjezera faifi tambala, beryllium, vanadium, lithiamu ndi gulu lina lachitatu la zinthu mu ternary alloys. Kuonjezera apo, pali zinthu zina zambiri zomwe zimawonjezeredwa ku siliva zingathandizenso kulimbikitsa.
Ngakhale siliva ndi inert mu organic mlengalenga, koma n'zosavuta kukhala sulfure munali mpweya dzimbiri ndi sulfide. Kupititsa patsogolo siliva sulfide kukana ndi kudzera njira alloying, monga Kuwonjezera golide ndi palladium akhoza kuchepetsa mlingo wa silver sulfide film generation. Komanso, zinthu zambiri m'munsi zitsulo monga manganese, antimoni, tini, germanium, arsenic, gallium, indium, zotayidwa, nthaka, faifi tambala, vanadium mu siliva akhoza kusintha katundu wake odana ndi sulfure. Zida zamagetsi zopangira siliva ndi zamitundu yambiri, pali aloyi, zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito munjira zazitsulo za ufa zopangidwa ndi aloyi abodza, cholinga chake ndikulimbitsa, kusamva komanso kukonza mawonekedwe amagetsi.
Kutanthauziridwa ndi DeepL.com (mtundu waulere)
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-07-2024