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What Is Permalloy: ? What is the Composition, Properties, and application?

Permalloy is an alloy mainly composed of nickel and iron, the nickel content is mostly between 35% and 90%, often containing a small amount of molybdenum, copper and other elements. It has high permeability, low coercivity and good rectangular hysteresis loop characteristics, and is widely used in transformers, inductors, magnetic recording heads, and electromagnetic shielding in the electronics industry.

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Classified by nickel content: 

High nickel permalloy: The nickel content is generally 79%-90%. For example, 1J85 alloy, the nickel content is about 80%-81%. This alloy has a very high permeability and can obtain a high magnetic induction intensity under a weak magnetic field, which is suitable for precision instruments that require very high magnetic properties, such as high-precision magnetic amplifiers.

1J85 Chemical Element content (%)
Coposition C Si Mn P S Ni Cu Mo More
Min — 0.15 0.3 — — 79 — 4.8 Fe margin
Max 0.03 0.3 0.6 0.02 0.02 81 0.2 5.2
 Medium nickel permalloy: The nickel content is roughly 45%-68%. Like the 1J50 alloy, the nickel content is about 50%. Its magnetic properties are moderate, both good permeability, and relatively high saturation magnetic induction strength, often used in transformer core and inductive core under moderate magnetic field strength.
1J50 Chemical Element content (%)
Coposition C Si Mn P S Ni Cu More
Min — 0.15 0.3 — — 49 — Fe margin
Max 0.03 0.3 0.6 0.02 0.02 50.5 0.2
 Low nickel permalloy: the nickel content is about 35%-40%. such 1J30,1j34,1J36. Its saturated magnetic induction strength is high, but the permeability is relatively low, and it is used in some occasions that need to withstand a large magnetic field strength and the permeability requirements are not top high, such as some special motor cores.
1J30 Chemical Element content (%)
Coposition C Si Mn P S Ni More
Min — — — — — 29.5 Fe margin
Max 0.04 0.3 0.4 0.02 0.02 30.5
Classification by use and performance characteristics:
Soft magnetic permalloy: This is the most common type. such as 1J46、1J50、1J54、1J76、1J77、1J79、1J80、1J85、1J86、1J34、1J51、1J52、1J65、1J66、1J67、1J83、1J403. Soft magnetic materials are characterized by low coercivity and easy magnetization and demagnetization. In alternating magnetic fields, the hysteresis loss is small, so it is widely used in a variety of equipment requiring efficient electromagnetic conversion, such as transformers, inductors, and magnetic heads. Their hysteresis loops are relatively narrow and can respond quickly to changes in the magnetic field.
1J46 Chemical Element content (%)
Coposition C Si Mn P S Ni Cu More
Min — 0.15 0.6 — — 45 — Fe margin
Max 0.03 0.3 1.1 0.02 0.02 46.5 0.2

Rectangular magnetic permalloy: This alloy has a special rectangular hysteresis loop. such as1J34、1J51、1J52、1J65、1J67、1J83、1J403 . Its relatively high ratio of remanence and coercivity allows the material to switch between two stable magnetized states, which is very important in the field of magnetic storage, such as for the manufacture of early magnetic core memory, which can represent the two states of “0″ and “1″ well in binary data storage. 

1J34 Chemical Element content (%)
Coposition C Si Mn P S Ni Cu Mo Co More
Min — 0.15 0.3 — — 33.5 — 2.8 28.5 Fe margin
Max 0.03 0.3 0.6 0.02 0.02 35 0.2 3.2 30
 Permalloy Application field
 1. Electronics industry
In transformers, inductors and other electronic components, permalloy as a core material, because of its high permeability and low loss characteristics, can effectively reduce the volume and weight of components, while improving work efficiency. For example, in high-frequency transformers, permalloy can adapt to higher operating frequencies and reduce energy loss.
 2.Magnetic recording field
Magnetic heads used to manufacture magnetic tape, disk and other magnetic recording media. Because of its good magnetism, it can accurately read and write magnetic signals, ensuring the high storage density and accuracy of magnetic recording equipment. Permalloy played an important role in early computer hard disk heads. 

3.Electromagnetic shielding aspect

Permalloy can be used to make electromagnetic shielding materials. In some electronic equipment or laboratory environments with strict requirements for electromagnetic interference, the shield made of permalloy is wrapped around the sensitive parts, which can effectively block the interference of external electromagnetic fields, but also prevent the leakage of internal electromagnetic fields.

Post time: Dec-20-2024
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