N'ime ọmụmụ ihe a, anyị nyochara Cu/Ni nanoparticles arụpụtara na isi mmalite microcarbon n'oge ntinye aka site na RF sputtering na RF-PECVD, yana resonance elu plasmon maka nchọpụta CO gas na-eji Cu/Ni nanoparticles. Morphology nke irighiri ihe. A mụrụ morphology dị n'elu site na nyocha micrographs 3D atomic Force site na iji nhazi onyonyo yana usoro nyocha fractal/multifractal. Emere nyocha ọnụ ọgụgụ site na iji MountainsMap® Premium software nwere nyocha ụzọ abụọ nke ọdịiche (ANOVA) yana nnwale ọpụrụiche dị ntakịrị. Nanostructures dị n'elu nwere nkesa mpaghara na nke zuru ụwa ọnụ. Nlebanya na ihe ngosi nke Rutherford na-atụgharị azụ gosipụtara ịdịmma nke nanoparticles. A na-ekpughere ihe nlele ndị ahụ akwadoro ọhụrụ na chimni carbon dioxide wee nyochaa ojiji ha dị ka ihe mmetụta gas site na iji usoro nke resonance elu nke plasmon mpaghara. Mgbakwunye nke oyi akwa nickel n'elu akwa ọla kọpa gosipụtara ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ma n'ihe gbasara morphology na nchọpụta gas. Ngwakọta nyocha stereo dị elu nke oke ihe nkiri dị n'elu ya na Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy na nyocha spectroscopic pụrụ iche na mpaghara a.
Mmetọ ikuku ngwa ngwa n'ime iri afọ ole na ole gara aga, karịsịa n'ihi mmepụta ngwa ngwa, emewo ka ndị nchọpụta mụtakwuo banyere mkpa ọ dị ịchọpụta gas. E gosiputara metal nanoparticles (NPs) ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-ekwe nkwa maka sensọ gas1,2,3,4 ọbụlagodi ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe nkiri metal dị mkpa nke nwere ike ime resonance plasmon elu mpaghara (LSPR), nke bụ ihe na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè na ọkụ eletrik siri ike ma sie ike. ubi5,6,7,8. Dị ka metal mgbanwe dị ọnụ ala, dị ala na-egbu egbu na nke na-agbanwe agbanwe, a na-ewere ọla kọpa dị ka ihe dị mkpa site n'aka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ụlọ ọrụ, karịsịa ndị na-emepụta ihe mmetụta9. N'aka nke ọzọ, nickel mgbanwe metal catalysts na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma karịa ndị ọzọ na-akpali akpali10. Ngwa a maara nke ọma nke Cu / Ni na nanoscale na-eme ka ha dịkwuo mkpa, karịsịa n'ihi na ihe nhazi ha adịghị agbanwe mgbe fusion11,12 gasịrị.
Ebe metal nanoparticles na ihu ha na dielectric media na-egosipụta mgbanwe dị ukwuu na resonances elu plasmon mpaghara, ejirila ya mee ihe dị ka ihe mgbanaka maka nchọpụta gas13. Mgbe absorption ụdịdị dị iche iche na-agbanwe, nke a pụtara na ihe atọ nke resonant wavelength na / ma ọ bụ absorption elu ike na / ma ọ bụ FWHM nwere ike ịgbanwe site 1, 2, 3, 4. On nanostructured na-ebupụta, nke na-metụtara kpọmkwem urughuru size, localized elu. resonance plasmon na nanoparticles, kama na fim ndị dị mkpa, bụ ihe dị irè maka ịchọpụta absorption molecular14, yana rụtụrụ aka na Ruiz et al. gosiri njikọ dị n'etiti ezigbo ahụ na nchọpụta nchọpụta15.
Banyere nchọta ngwa anya nke CO gas, a kọwala ụfọdụ ihe ndị mejupụtara dịka AuCo3O416, Au-CuO17 na Au-YSZ18 n'akwụkwọ. Anyị nwere ike iche maka ọla edo dị ka ọla mara mma nke jikọtara ya na oxides metal iji chọpụta ụmụ irighiri gas na-etinye kemịkalụ n'elu ihe mejupụtara ya, mana isi nsogbu na sensọ bụ mmeghachi omume ha na okpomọkụ nke ụlọ, na-eme ka ha ghara ịbanye.
N'ime iri afọ ole na ole gara aga, a na-eji microscopy atomiki (AFM) mee ihe dị ka usoro dị elu iji mara micromorphology elu akụkụ atọ na mkpebi nanoscale dị elu19,20,21,22. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, stereo, fractal/multifractal analysis23,24,25,26, power spectral density (PSD) 27 na Minkowski28 functionals bụ ngwá ọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ maka ịmepụta ọdịdị elu nke ihe nkiri dị mkpa.
N'ime ọmụmụ ihe a, dabere na ntinye nke plasmon resonance (LSPR), a na-edobere akara acetylene (C2H2) Cu/Ni NP na ụlọ okpomọkụ maka ojiji dị ka ihe mmetụta gas CO. A na-eji Rutherford backscatter spectroscopy (RBS) nyochaa nhazi na morphology sitere na ihe oyiyi AFM, na 3D topographic map ka ejiri MountainsMap® Premium software mee ihe iji mụọ isotropy elu na ihe niile ọzọ micromorphological paramita nke elu microtextures. N'aka nke ọzọ, a na-egosipụta nsonaazụ sayensị ọhụrụ nke nwere ike itinye n'ọrụ na usoro mmepụta ihe ma nwee mmasị dị ukwuu na ngwa maka nchọpụta gas gas (CO). Akwụkwọ akụkọ na-akọ maka oge mbụ njikọ, njirimara na ntinye nke nanoparticle a.
Emebere ihe nkiri dị mkpa nke Cu/Ni nanoparticles site na RF sputtering na RF-PECVD nkwado nwere ike 13.56 MHz. Usoro a dabere na reactor nwere electrodes abụọ nke ihe dị iche iche na nha. Nke pere mpe bụ ọla dị ka electrode na-enye ike, nke ka ukwuu na-agbadakwa site na ụlọ igwe anaghị agba nchara dị anya nke 5 cm site na ibe ya. Debe mkpụrụ osisi SiO 2 na Cu lekwasịrị anya n'ime ụlọ ahụ, wee wepụ ụlọ ahụ gaa na 103 N / m 2 dị ka nrụgide ntọala na ụlọ okpomọkụ, tinye acetylene gas n'ime ụlọ ahụ, wee pịa na nrụgide ambient. Enwere isi ihe abụọ kpatara iji acetylene gas na usoro a: nke mbụ, ọ na-eje ozi dị ka gas na-ebu maka mmepụta plasma, na nke abụọ, maka nkwadebe nke nanoparticles na ọnụọgụ carbon. Emere usoro ntinye ego maka 30 min na nrụgide gas mbụ na ike RF nke 3.5 N / m2 na 80 W, n'otu n'otu. Mgbe ahụ gbajie oghere ma gbanwee ebumnuche ka ọ bụrụ Ni. A na-emegharị usoro ntinye ego na nrụgide gas mbụ na ike RF nke 2.5 N / m2 na 150 W, n'otu n'otu. N'ikpeazụ, ọla kọpa na nickel nanoparticles etinyebere na ikuku acetylene na-etolite nanostructures ọla kọpa/nickel. Lee tebụl 1 maka nkwadebe nlele na ihe nchọpụta.
Edere onyonyo 3D nke ihe nlele ndị emebere ọhụrụ na mpaghara nyocha 1 μm × 1 μm site na iji nanometer multimode atomic force microscope (Instruments Digital, Santa Barbara, CA) na ọnọdụ enweghị kọntaktị na ọsọ nyocha nke 10–20 μm/min. . Ya na. Ejiri ngwanro MountainsMap® Premium were hazie maapụ topographic 3D AFM. Dabere na ISO 25178-2: 2012 29,30,31, a na-edepụta ma tụlere ọtụtụ morphological parameters, ịdị elu, isi, olu, agwa, ọrụ, oghere na nchikota.
A na-eme atụmatụ ịdị arọ na nhazi nke ihe nlele ndị a kwadebere ọhụrụ na usoro nke MeV site na iji nnukwu ume Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). N'ihe gbasara nyocha gas, a na-eji LSPR spectroscopy mee ihe site na iji UV-Vis spectrometer n'ogologo ogologo site na 350 ruo 850 nm, ebe onye nnọchiteanya nọ na cuvette igwe anaghị agba nchara mechiri emechi na dayameta nke 5.2 cm na ịdị elu nke 13.8 cm. na ịdị ọcha nke 99.9% CO gas eruba ọnụego (dị ka Arian Gas Co. IRSQ ọkọlọtọ, 1.6 ruo 16 l / h maka 180 sekọnd na 600 sekọnd). A na-eme usoro a na ụlọ okpomọkụ, iru mmiri 19% na uzuzu uzuzu.
A ga-eji Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy dị ka usoro ịgbasa ion iji nyochaa ihe mejupụtara ihe nkiri ndị dị mkpa. Usoro a pụrụ iche na-enye ohere nha na-ejighi ọkọlọtọ ntụaka. Nyocha RBS na-atụle ike dị elu (He2+ ions, ie alpha particles) n'usoro nke MeV na nlele na He2+ ions na-atụgharị n'akụkụ aka. Koodu SIMNRA bara uru n’ichepụta ahịrị kwụ ọtọ na akụkụ, yana nzikọrịta ya na spectra RBS nnwale na-egosi ogo nke ihe nlele akwadoro. A na-egosi ụdịdị RBS nke Cu / Ni NP na eserese 1, ebe akara uhie bụ nnwale RBS spectrum, na ahịrị na-acha anụnụ anụnụ bụ ịme anwansị nke mmemme SIMNRA, enwere ike ịhụ na ahịrị abụọ ahụ dị mma. nkwekọrịta. A na-eji ọkụ ọkụ nke nwere ike nke 1985 keV mee ihe iji chọpụta ihe ndị dị na nlele ahụ. Ọkpụrụkpụ nke elu oyi akwa bụ ihe dịka 40 1E15Atom/cm2 nwere 86% Ni, 0.10% O2, 0.02% C na 0.02% Fe. Ejikọtara Fe na adịghị ọcha na ebumnuche Ni n'oge a na-agbapụta mmiri. A na-ahụ ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke Cu na Ni na 1500 keV, n'otu n'otu, na ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke C na O2 na 426 keV na 582 keV, n'otu n'otu. Nzọụkwụ Na, Si, na Fe bụ 870 keV, 983 keV, 1340 keV, na 1823 keV, n'otu n'otu.
Ihe onyonyo AFM 3D square nke akụkụ ihe nkiri Cu na Cu/Ni NP ka egosiri na fig. 2. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, topography nke 2D ewepụtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ ọ bụla na-egosi na NP ndị a hụrụ n'elu ihe nkiri ahụ na-agbakọta n'ime ọdịdị okirikiri, na ọdịdị ọdịdị a yiri nke Godselahi na Armand32 na Armand et al.33 kọwara. Otú ọ dị, ndị Cu NP anyị emeghị ka ọ dị njọ, na ihe nlele ahụ nwere nanị Cu gosipụtara elu dị nro nke ọma na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị mma karịa ndị na-adịghị mma (Fig 2a). N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mepere emepe na ihe atụ CuNi15 na CuNi20 nwere ọdịdị okirikiri doro anya na ịdị elu dị elu, dịka e gosiri site na ogo dị elu na Fig. 2a na b. Mgbanwe pụtara ìhè na morphology ihe nkiri na-egosi na elu nwere ọdịdị mbara ala dị iche iche nke topographical, nke oge ntinye nickel na-emetụta.
Ihe onyonyo AFM nke Cu (a), CuNi15 (b), na CuNi20 (c) ihe nkiri dị mkpa. Maapụ 2D dabara adaba, nkesa elu na akụkụ Abbott Firestone ka agbanyere n'onyinyo ọ bụla.
A na-eme atụmatụ nkezi nha ọka nke nanoparticles site na akara nkesa dayameta nke enwetara site na ịtụ 100 nanoparticles site na iji Gaussian dabara dị ka egosiri na FIG. Enwere ike ịhụ na Cu na CuNi15 nwere nha nha nha nha nha nha (27.7 na 28.8 nm), ebe CuNi20 nwere obere ọka (23.2 nm), nke dị nso na uru nke Godselahi et al kwuru. 34 (ihe dịka 24 nm). N'ime usoro bimetallic, ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha elu nke resonance plasmon nke mpaghara nwere ike ịgbanwe site na mgbanwe na nha ọka35. N'akụkụ a, anyị nwere ike ikwubi na ogologo oge ntinye nke Ni na-emetụta ọdịdị plasmonic elu nke ihe nkiri Cu/Ni dị mkpa nke usoro anyị.
Nkesa nha nke (a) Cu, (b) CuNi15, na (c) ihe nkiri dị mkpa nke CuNi20 enwetara site na topography AFM.
Nnukwu morphology na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa na nhazi oghere nke ihe owuwu topographic na ihe nkiri dị mkpa. Tebụl 2 depụtara oke topographic dabere na elu jikọtara ya na maapụ AFM, nke enwere ike ịkọwa ya site na ụkpụrụ oge nke pụtara ike (Sa), skewness (Ssk), na kurtosis (Sku). Ụkpụrụ Sa bụ 1.12 (Cu), 3.17 (CuNi15) na 5.34 nm (CuNi20), n'otu n'otu, na-egosi na ihe nkiri ahụ na-akawanye njọ na-abawanye oge ntinye ego Ni. Ụkpụrụ ndị a yiri nke Arman et al.33 (1-4 nm) kọrọ na mbụ, Godselahi et al.34 (1-1.05 nm) na Zelu et al.36 (1.91-6.32 nm), ebe yiri ya. A na-eme sputtering site na iji ụzọ ndị a iji tinye ihe nkiri Cu/Ni NP. Otú ọ dị, Ghosh et al.37 debere Cu/Ni multilayers site na electrodeposition ma kọọ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke siri ike, nke doro anya na 13.8 ruo 36 nm. Ekwesiri ighota na ndiiche na kinetics nke nhazi elu site na uzo ntinye di iche iche nwere ike ime ka e guzobe elu nke nwere uzo di iche iche. Ka o sina dị, enwere ike ịhụ na usoro RF-PECVD dị irè maka ịnweta ihe nkiri nke Cu/Ni NP na adịghị ike nke na-erughị 6.32 nm.
N'ihe gbasara profaịlụ dị elu, oge ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu Ssk na Sku metụtara asymmetry na normality nke nkesa ịdị elu, n'otu n'otu. Ụkpụrụ Ssk niile dị mma (Ssk> 0), na-egosi ogologo aka nri ogologo38, nke nwere ike ịkwado site na nkesa nkesa dị elu na inset 2. Na mgbakwunye, profaịlụ elu niile na-achịkwa ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu 39 (Sku> 3) , Na-egosi na usoro nkesa nkesa dị elu dị ntakịrị karịa ụda mgbịrịgba Gaussian. Ahịrị na-acha uhie uhie na nkesa nkesa dị elu bụ akụkụ Abbott-Firestone 40, usoro ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ dabara adaba maka ịtụle nkesa data nkịtị. A na-enweta ahịrị a site na nchikota nchikota n'elu histogram dị elu, ebe ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu na nke miri emi jikọtara ya na nke kacha nta (0%) na kacha (100%) ụkpụrụ. Akpụkpọ ụkwụ Abbott-Firestone ndị a nwere ụdị S dị nro na y-axis na n'ọnọdụ niile na-egosi mmụba na-aga n'ihu na pasent nke ihe ndị gafere ebe kpuchiri ekpuchi, na-amalite site na nke siri ike na nke kachasi ike. Nke a na-akwado nhazi oghere nke elu, bụ nke oge ntinye nickel na-emetụta.
Tebụl 3 na-edepụta ihe dị iche iche morphology nke ISO jikọtara ya na elu ọ bụla enwetara site na onyonyo AFM. A maara nke ọma na mpaghara ka ihe ruru (Smr) na mpaghara counter ka ihe ruru ihe (Smc) bụ ihe na-arụ ọrụ elu29. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nsonaazụ anyị na-egosi na mpaghara dị n'elu mbara igwe nke dị n'elu zuru oke na fim niile (Smr = 100%). Agbanyeghị, a na-enweta ụkpụrụ nke Smr site na ịdị elu dị iche iche nke ọnụọgụ mpaghara mpaghara41, ebe ọ bụ na amaara paramita Smc. A na-akọwa omume nke Smc site na mmụba nke siri ike site na Cu → CuNi20, ebe enwere ike ịhụ na ọnụ ahịa kachasị elu nke enwetara maka CuNi20 na-enye Smc ~ 13 nm, ebe uru maka Cu dị ihe dịka 8 nm.
Ngwakọta paramita RMS gradient (Sdq) na mmepe mpaghara interface (Sdr) bụ paramita metụtara ịdị larịị na ịdị mgbagwoju anya. Site na Cu → CuNi20, ụkpụrụ Sdq sitere na 7 ruo 21, na-egosi na mmebi iwu topographic na fim ahụ na-abawanye mgbe etinyere oyi akwa Ni maka nkeji iri abụọ. Ekwesiri ighota na elu CuNi20 adighi adi nma dika nke Cu. Na mgbakwunye, achọpụtara na uru nke paramita Sdr, jikọtara ya na mgbagwoju anya nke microtexture elu, na-abawanye site na Cu → CuNi20. Dị ka otu nnyocha nke Kamble et al.42 si kwuo, mgbagwoju anya nke microtexture elu na-abawanye na Sdr na-arịwanye elu, na-egosi na CuNi20 (Sdr = 945%) nwere microstructure dị mgbagwoju anya karịa ihe nkiri Cu (Sdr = 229%). . N'ezie, mgbanwe nke microscopic mgbagwoju anya nke udidi na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na nkesa na ọdịdị nke ọnụ ọgụgụ siri ike, nke a pụrụ ịhụ site na njirimara njirimara nke njupụta elu (Spd) na mgbakọ na mwepụ pụtara elu curvature (Spc). N'akụkụ a, Spd na-abawanye site na Cu → CuNi20, na-egosi na a na-ahazi ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke ukwuu na ụba oyi akwa Ni. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, Spc na-abawanye site na Cu → CuNi20, na-egosi na ọdịdị elu nke elu nke Cu sample na-agbakọta karịa (Spc = 612), ebe nke CuNi20 dị nkọ (Spc = 925).
Profaịlụ siri ike nke ihe nkiri ọ bụla na-egosipụtakwa ụkpụrụ oghere dị iche iche na mpaghara elu, isi na ebe mmiri dị n'elu. Elu nke isi (Sk), na-ebelata elu (Spk) (n'elu isi), na trough (Svk) (n'okpuru isi) 31,43 bụ parameters tụrụ perpendicular na elu plane30 na-abawanye site na Cu → CuNi20 n'ihi Mmụba dị ukwuu . N'otu aka ahụ, ihe kacha elu (Vmp), isi ihe (Vmc), trough void (Vvv), na isi ihe efu (Vvc) 31 na-egosi otu ihe na-eme ka ụkpụrụ niile na-abawanye site na Cu → CuNi20. Omume a na-egosi na elu CuNi20 nwere ike ijide mmiri karịa ihe nlele ndị ọzọ, nke dị mma, na-atụ aro na elu a dị mfe smear44. Ya mere, ekwesịrị iburu n'uche na ka ọkpụrụkpụ nke nickel oyi akwa na-abawanye site na CuNi15 → CuNi20, mgbanwe na profaịlụ topographic lag n'azụ mgbanwe na usoro morphological dị elu, na-emetụta microtexture elu na ọdịdị mbara igwe nke ihe nkiri ahụ.
E nwetara nleba anya nleba anya nke ọdịdị dị n'elu ihe nkiri ahụ site n'ịrụ map topographic AFM site na iji ngwa ahịa MountainsMap45. E gosipụtara nsụgharị ahụ na eserese 4, nke na-egosi oghere nnọchite anya na oghere pola n'ihe gbasara elu. Tebụl 4 depụtara oghere na nhọrọ oghere. Ihe oyiyi nke grooves na-egosi na ihe nlele ahụ na-achịkwa usoro ọwa yiri nke a na-akpọ homogeneity nke grooves. Agbanyeghị, oke maka oke omimi groove kachasị (MDF) na nkezi omimi omimi (MDEF) na-abawanye site na Cu ruo CuNi20, na-akwado ihe ndị gara aga gbasara ikike mmanu nke CuNi20. Okwesiri iburu n'uche na ihe omuma nke Cu (Fig 4a) na CuNi15 (Fig 4b) nwere ihe omuma nke agba, nke na-egosi na microtexture nke ihu ihe nkiri Cu emeghị mgbanwe dị ukwuu mgbe etinyere ihe nkiri Ni maka 15. min. N'ụzọ dị iche, ihe atụ CuNi20 (Fig 4c) na-egosiputa wrinkles na nha agba dị iche iche, nke metụtara ụkpụrụ MDF na MDEF dị elu.
Grooves na isotropy elu nke microtextures nke Cu (a), CuNi15 (b), na ihe nkiri CuNi20 (c).
Ihe osise polar na fig. 4 na-egosikwa na microtexture elu dị iche. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ntinye nke oyi akwa Ni na-agbanwe nke ukwuu ụkpụrụ oghere. Isotropy microtextural gbakọrọ nke ihe nlele ahụ bụ 48% (Cu), 80% (CuNi15), na 81% (CuNi20). Enwere ike ịhụ na ntinye nke oyi akwa Ni na-enye aka n'ịmepụta microtexture isotropic karịa, ebe otu ihe nkiri Cu na-enwekwu microtexture anisotropic elu. Na mgbakwunye, ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke CuNi15 na CuNi20 dị ala n'ihi nnukwu ogologo ogologo akpaaka ha (Sal) 44 ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe nlele Cu. A na-ejikọta nke a na nhazi ọka yiri nke ihe atụ ndị a gosipụtara (Std = 2.5 ° na Std = 3.5 °), ebe a na-edekọ ọnụ ahịa buru ibu maka nlele Cu (Std = 121 °). Dabere na nsonaazụ ndị a, ihe nkiri niile na-egosipụta ọdịiche dị ogologo oge n'ihi ọdịdị ọdịdị dị iche iche, profaịlụ topographic, na ike siri ike. Ya mere, nsonaazụ ndị a na-egosi na oge ntinye oyi akwa Ni na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịmepụta ihe dị n'elu CuNi bimetallic sputtered.
Iji mụọ omume LSPR nke Cu / Ni NP n'ikuku n'ime ụlọ na okpomọkụ dị iche iche na CO gas fluxes, UV-Vis absorption spectra na-etinye n'ogo ogologo nke 350-800 nm, dị ka egosiri na Figure 5 maka CuNi15 na CuNi20. Site n'iwebata njupụta ikuku gas dị iche iche nke CO, ọnụ ọgụgụ LSPR CuNi15 dị irè ga-abawanye ụba, ntinye ahụ ga-esiwanye ike, na ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu ga-agbanwe (redshift) gaa n'ogo dị elu, site na 597.5 nm na ikuku na-eru 16 L / h 606.0 nm. CO eruba maka 180 sekọnd, 606.5 nm, CO eruba 16 l / h maka 600 sekọnd. N'aka nke ọzọ, CuNi20 na-egosipụta omume dị iche iche, ya mere mmụba nke CO gas na-ebute mbelata na LSPR elu wavelength ọnọdụ (blueshift) site na 600.0 nm na ikuku na-eru 589.5 nm na 16 l / h CO eruba maka 180 s. . 16 l / h CO na-erugharị maka 600 sekọnd na 589.1 nm. Dị ka ọ dị na CuNi15, anyị nwere ike ịhụ ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu yana mmụba ike maka CuNi20. Enwere ike ime atụmatụ na site na mmụba nke ọkpụrụkpụ nke oyi akwa Ni na Cu, yana mmụba na nha na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke CuNi20 nanoparticles kama CuNi15, Cu na Ni particles na-abịakwute ibe ha, njupụta nke oscillations electronic na-abawanye. , na, ya mere, ugboro ole na-abawanye. nke pụtara: ogologo wavelength na-ebelata, mgbanwe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-eme.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-16-2023