Alloys raws li nyiaj thiab lwm yam hlau. Muaj ntau hom nyiaj alloys, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog: nyiaj-tooj liab alloys, nyiaj-magnesium alloys, silver-nickel alloys, silver-tungsten alloys, silver-hlau alloys thiab silver-cerium alloys.
Cov khoom siv hlau zoo nkauj nrog cov nyiaj ua cov khoom tseem ceeb. Feem ntau siv cov nyiaj dawb huv lossis cov nyiaj purity siab (99.9 *** saum toj no) ua cov khoom siv raw, yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj bismuth, txhuas, antimony thiab lwm yam khoom tsis zoo. Nyiaj tuaj yeem tsim nrog ntau lub ntsiab lus hauv cov khoom sib xyaw, cov khoom sib txuas sib txuas lossis cov theem nruab nrab, nrog rau ntau yam khoom sib xyaw (cov khoom cuav). Nyob ntawm qhov xav tau, lawv tuaj yeem ua binary, ternary lossis polyalloys. Nyiaj alloys yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm industrial technology.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv nyiaj alloys yog:
(1) nyiaj-raws li brazing khoom, feem ntau yog nyiaj-tooj-zinc alloys raws li lub hauv paus rau cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm alloy series, xws li AgCuZn system, AgCuZnCd system, AgCuZnNi system; silver-nickel alloy, nyiaj-tooj liab alloy;
Muaj 90% nyiaj thiab 10% tooj liab alloy hu ua txiaj nyiaj, melting point 875 ℃; muaj 80% nyiaj thiab 20% tooj liab alloy hu ua haujlwm zoo nyiaj, melting point 814 ℃; muaj 40% lossis 60% nyiaj thiab tooj liab, zinc, cadmium alloys hu ua silver solder, melting point ntau dua 600 ℃. Feem ntau yog siv los txuas lub zog siab dua ntawm cov khoom siv hlau.
(2) nyiaj-raws li cov ntaub ntawv sib cuag, feem ntau yog nyiaj-tooj liab alloy (AgCu3, AgCu7.5), thiab nyiaj-cadmium oxide alloy thiab nyiaj-nickel alloy;
(3) nyiaj-raws li cov ntaub ntawv tsis kam, nyiaj manganese tin alloy kuj coefficient yog nruab nrab, kuj kub coefficient yog tsawg, tooj liab thermal peev xwm me me, yuav siv tau raws li tus qauv resistor thiab potentiometer winding cov ntaub ntawv; nyiaj molybdenum alloy, nyiaj tungsten alloy, nyiaj ferroalloy, nyiaj cadmium alloy;
(4) nyiaj-raws li plating cov ntaub ntawv, feem ntau siv silver-tin alloy AgSn3 ~ 5, AgPb0.4 ~ 0.7, AgPd3 ~ 5 thiab hais txog;
(5) nyiaj-raws li kev kho hniav cov ntaub ntawv, nyiaj amalgam, los yog amalgam, yog mercury raws li ib tug hnyav, nyiaj-tooj liab-tin-zinc raws li ib tug alloy hmoov, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib tsoo thiab tsim ntawm ib hom alloy, yog cov khoom siv veneer zoo tshaj plaws. Silver amalgam AgxHg, dawb tsis sib xws brittle khoom. Nws muaj pes tsawg leeg sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov tsim kub; Ag13Hg (445 ° C), Ag11Hg (357 ° C), Ag4Hg (302 ° C), AgHg2 (tsawg dua 300 ° C)
Silver alloy cov khoom zoo dua qub.
Silver yog mos heev thiab yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau txhim kho nws lub zog thiab hardness thiab ua kom nws hnav tsis kam, ntev dhau los cov neeg tau ntxiv tooj liab rau nyiaj los ua cov nyiaj-tooj liab alloys, uas yog siv rau hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, cov tais diav thiab nyiaj npib. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nyiaj-tooj liab alloy, feem ntau ntxiv npib tsib xee, beryllium, vanadium, lithium thiab lwm pab pawg thib peb ntawm cov ntsiab lus rau hauv ternary alloys. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau lwm cov ntsiab lus ntxiv rau cov nyiaj kuj tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm ntxiv dag zog.
Txawm hais tias nyiaj yog inert nyob rau hauv cov organic huab cua, tab sis nws yog ib qho yooj yim los ua sulfur-muaj cua corrosion thiab sulfide. Kev txhim kho ntawm cov nyiaj sulfide kuj tseem yog los ntawm txoj kev alloying, xws li kev sib ntxiv ntawm kub thiab palladium tuaj yeem txo tus nqi ntawm cov nyiaj sulfide zaj duab xis tiam. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau lub hauv paus hlau xws li manganese, antimony, tin, germanium, arsenic, gallium, indium, aluminium, zinc, nickel, vanadium rau hauv cov nyiaj kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho nws cov khoom tiv thaiv sulfuration. Nyiaj-raws li hluav taws xob tiv tauj cov ntaub ntawv muaj ntau hom, muaj alloy xeev, kuj tseem siv nyob rau hauv hmoov metallurgy txoj kev ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj tseeb, lub hom phiaj yog kom muaj zog, hnav-resistant thiab txhim kho cov hluav taws xob tiv tauj zog.
Txhais nrog DeepL.com (dawb version)
Post lub sij hawm: Mar-07-2024