Ma kēia noiʻi ʻana, ua noiʻi mākou i nā nanoparticles Cu / Ni i hoʻohui ʻia i nā kumu microcarbon i ka wā o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana e RF sputtering a me RF-PECVD, a me ka resonance plasmon surface localized no ka ʻike ʻana i ke kinoea CO me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā nanoparticles Cu / Ni. Morphology of particles. Ua aʻo ʻia ka morphology o ka ʻili ma ke kālailai ʻana i nā micrographs atomic 3D me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻoili kiʻi a me nā ʻenehana loiloi fractal/multifractal. Hana ʻia ka ʻikepili helu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polokalamu MountainsMap® Premium me ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole (ANOVA) a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi loa. Loaʻa i nā nanostructures i ka ʻāina a me ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Ua hōʻoia ʻia ka maikaʻi o nā nanoparticles i ka hoʻokolohua a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o Rutherford backscattering spectra. Ua ʻike ʻia nā laʻana hou i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i ke kapuahi carbon dioxide a ua noiʻi ʻia ko lākou hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he mea ʻike kinoea me ke ʻano o ka resonance plasmon surface localized. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o kahi papa nickel ma luna o ka papa keleawe i hōʻike i nā hopena hoihoi ma ke ʻano o ka morphology a me ka ʻike kinoea. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka nānā ʻana stereo kiʻekiʻe o ka topography kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi me Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy a me ka spectroscopic analysis he mea kū hoʻokahi i kēia kahua.
ʻO ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o ka ea i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ʻoi aku ma muli o ka wikiwiki o ka ʻoihana, ua koi i nā mea noiʻi e aʻo hou e pili ana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka ʻike ʻana i nā kinoea. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā nanoparticles metala (NPs) i mau mea hoʻohiki no nā sensors1,2,3,4 ʻoiai ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni metala lahilahi hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i ka plasmon resonance kūloko (LSPR), he mea ia e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka electromagnetic ikaika a palena ʻole. kahua5,6,7,8. Ma ke ʻano he metala hoʻololi haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a maʻalahi hoʻi, ua manaʻo ʻia ke keleawe he mea nui e nā ʻepekema a me nā ʻoihana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea hana sensor9. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā catalysts transition metal catalysts ma mua o nā catalysts10 ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka noi kaulana ʻo Cu / Ni ma ka nanoscale e ʻoi aku ka nui o lākou, ʻoi aku ka nui no ka mea ʻaʻole e loli ko lākou mau waiwai ma hope o ka fusion11,12.
ʻOiai ʻo nā nanoparticles metala a me kā lākou mau pilina me ka dielectric medium e hōʻike ana i nā loli nui i nā resonances plasmon surface localized, no laila ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he hale kūkulu no ka ʻike kinoea13. Ke hoʻololi ka spectrum absorption, ʻo ia ke ʻano o nā mea ʻekolu o ka hawewe resonant a / a i ʻole absorption peak intensity a / a FWHM hiki ke hoʻololi e 1, 2, 3, 4. Ma luna o nā nanostructured surfaces, i pili pono i ka nui particle, localized surface ʻO ka resonance plasmon i nā nanoparticles, ma mua o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi, he kumu kūpono ia no ka ʻike ʻana i ka absorption molekula14, e like me ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia e ʻO Ruiz et al. ua hōʻike i ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻāpana maikaʻi a me ka ʻike pono15.
E pili ana i ka ʻike maka o ke kinoea CO, ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau mea hoʻohui e like me AuCo3O416, Au-CuO17 a me Au-YSZ18 i ka palapala. Hiki iā mākou ke noʻonoʻo i ke gula ma ke ʻano he metala hanohano i hui pū ʻia me nā oxides metala e ʻike ai i nā molekele kinoea i hoʻopili ʻia ma ka ʻili o ka composite, akā ʻo ka pilikia nui me nā mea ʻike ʻo ko lākou hopena i ka lumi wela, e hiki ʻole ai iā lākou.
I loko o nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka microscopy atomic ikaika (AFM) ma ke ʻano he ʻenehana holomua e hoʻohālikelike i ka micromorphology ʻili ʻekolu-dimensional ma ka hoʻonā nanoscale kiʻekiʻe19,20,21,22. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka stereo, fractal/multifractal analysis23,24,25,26, power spectral density (PSD)27 a me Minkowski28 functionals nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka topography ili o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi.
Ma kēia haʻawina, ma muli o ka absorption plasmon surface localized (LSPR), acetylene (C2H2) Cu/Ni NP traces i waiho ʻia ma ka lumi wela no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻike kinoea CO. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Rutherford backscatter spectroscopy (RBS) no ke kālailai ʻana i ka haku mele ʻana a me ka morphology mai nā kiʻi AFM, a ua hana ʻia nā palapala topographic 3D me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polokalamu MountainsMap® Premium e aʻo i ka isotropy ʻili a me nā ʻāpana micromorphological hou aʻe o nā microtextures surface. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hōʻike ʻia nā hopena ʻepekema hou e hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā kaʻina hana ʻenehana a makemake nui i nā noi no ka ʻike kinoea kemika (CO). Hōʻike ka puke moʻolelo no ka manawa mua i ka synthesis, characterization a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia nanoparticle.
Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni o Cu / Ni nanoparticles e RF sputtering a me RF-PECVD co-deposition me kahi lako mana 13.56 MHz. Hoʻokumu ʻia ke ʻano ma kahi reactor me ʻelua electrodes o nā mea like ʻole a me nā nui. ʻO ka mea liʻiliʻi he metala ma ke ʻano he electrode ikaika, a ʻo ka mea nui i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke keʻena kila kila ma kahi mamao o 5 cm mai kekahi i kekahi. E kau i ka substrate SiO 2 a me ka pahu Cu i loko o ke keʻena, a laila e hoʻokuʻu i ke keʻena i 103 N/m 2 e like me ke kaomi kumu ma ka lumi wela, e hoʻokomo i ke kinoea acetylene i loko o ke keʻena, a laila kaomi i ke kaomi ambient. ʻElua kumu nui no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kinoea acetylene i kēia ʻanuʻu: ʻo ka mea mua, he mea lawe kinoea no ka hana plasma, a ʻo ka lua, no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā nanoparticles i ka nui o ke kalapona. Ua hana ʻia ke kaʻina hana deposition no 30 min ma ke kaomi kinoea mua a me ka mana RF o 3.5 N/m2 a me 80 W, kēlā me kēia. A laila e uhaʻi i ka momi a hoʻololi i ka pahuhopu iā Ni. Ua hana hou ʻia ke kaʻina hana deposition ma ke kaomi kinoea mua a me ka mana RF o 2.5 N/m2 a me 150 W. ʻO ka hope, ʻo ke keleawe a me ka nickel nanoparticles i waiho ʻia i loko o kahi ea acetylene e hana i nā nanostructure keleawe/nickel. E nānā i ka Papa 1 no ka laʻana hoʻomākaukau a me nā mea hōʻike.
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kiʻi 3D o nā mea hoʻohālike hou i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma kahi 1 μm × 1 μm square scan wahi me ka nanometer multimode atomic force microscope (Digital Instruments, Santa Barbara, CA). . Me. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka polokalamu MountainsMap® Premium e hoʻoponopono i nā palapala topographic 3D AFM. Wahi a ISO 25178-2: 2012 29,30,31, ua kākau ʻia a kūkākūkā ʻia kekahi mau ʻāpana morphological, ke kiʻekiʻe, ke kumu, ka nui, ke ʻano, ka hana, ka lewa a me ka hui pū ʻana.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ka mānoanoa a me ka haku ʻana o nā laʻana hou i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma ke kauoha o MeV me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). I ka hihia o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke kinoea, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka spectroscopy LSPR me ka spectrometer UV-Vis i ka lōʻihi hawewe mai 350 a 850 nm, ʻoiai ʻo kahi laʻana i hōʻike ʻia i loko o kahi cuvette kila kila i pani ʻia me ke anawaena o 5.2 knm a me ke kiʻekiʻe o 13.8 knm. ma kahi maʻemaʻe o 99.9 % CO kinoea kahe kahe (e like me ka Arian Gas Co. IRSQ maʻamau, 1.6 a 16 l/h no 180 kekona a me 600 kekona). Ua hana ʻia kēia hana ma ka lumi wela, ka haʻahaʻa ambient 19% a me ka fume hood.
E hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy ma ke ʻano he ʻenehana hoʻopuʻi ion no ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi. Hāʻawi kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa i ka quantification me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi maʻamau kuhikuhi. Hoʻopili ʻo RBS i nā ikehu kiʻekiʻe (He2+ ion, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻāpana alpha) ma ke kauoha o MeV ma ka hāpana a me nā ion He2+ i hoʻopuʻi ʻia ma kahi kihi i hāʻawi ʻia. He mea pono ke code SIMNRA i ka hoʻohālike ʻana i nā laina pololei a me nā pihi, a ʻo kona pili ʻana i ka spectra RBS hoʻokolohua e hōʻike ana i ka maikaʻi o nā laʻana i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. Hōʻikeʻia ka RBS spectrum o ka Cu / Ni NP sample i ka Figure 1, kahi o ka lainaʻulaʻula i ka hoʻokolohua RBS spectrum, aʻo ka laina polū ka simulation o ka polokalamu SIMNRA, hiki keʻikeʻia he maikaʻi nā lainaʻelua. ʻaelike. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi kukuna hanana me ka ikehu o 1985 keV e ʻike i nā mea i loko o ka hāpana. ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka papa luna ma kahi o 40 1E15Atom/cm2 i loaʻa 86% Ni, 0.10% O2, 0.02% C a me 0.02% Fe. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Fe me nā mea haumia i ka pahu Ni i ka wā sputtering. ʻIke ʻia nā piko o Cu a me Ni ma lalo o 1500 keV, a me nā piko o C a me O2 ma 426 keV a me 582 keV. ʻO nā ʻanuʻu Na, Si, a me Fe he 870 keV, 983 keV, 1340 keV, a me 1823 keV.
Hōʻike ʻia nā kiʻi AFM topographic Square 3D o Cu a me Cu/Ni NP kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma Fig. 2. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia ka topography 2D i kēlā me kēia kiʻi i ka hui ʻana o nā NP i nānā ʻia ma ka ʻili kiʻi i nā ʻano spherical, a ua like kēia morphology me ka mea i wehewehe ʻia e Godselahi a me Armand32 a me Armand et al.33. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻohui ʻia kā mākou Cu NPs, a ʻo ka hāpana i loaʻa ʻo Cu wale nō i hōʻike i kahi ʻili maikaʻi loa me nā piko ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi (Fig. 2a). ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā piko hāmama ma nā laʻana CuNi15 a me CuNi20 he ʻano spherical maopopo a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana e ka ratio kiʻekiʻe ma Fig. 2a a me b. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka morphology kiʻiʻoniʻoni e hōʻike ana he ʻokoʻa nā ʻano hoʻolālā spatial topographical o ka ʻili, i hoʻopili ʻia e ka manawa hoʻopaʻa nickel.
Nā kiʻi AFM o Cu (a), CuNi15 (b), a me CuNi20 (c) kiʻi ʻoniʻoni lahilahi. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā palapala ʻāina 2D kūpono, nā māhele kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻāpana Abbott Firestone i kēlā me kēia kiʻi.
Ua koho ʻia ka nui o ka palaoa awelika o nā nanoparticles mai ka histogram puʻunaue anawaena i loaʻa ma ke ana ʻana i 100 nanoparticles me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kūpono Gaussian e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma FIG. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo Cu a me CuNi15 ka nui o ka palaoa (27.7 a me 28.8 nm), ʻoiai ʻo CuNi20 he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (23.2 nm), kahi kokoke i ka waiwai i hōʻike ʻia e Godselahi et al. 34 (ma kahi o 24 nm). I nā ʻōnaehana bimetallic, hiki ke hoʻololi i nā piko o ka resonance plasmon surface localized me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka nui o ka palaoa35. Ma kēia mea, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoholo i ka manawa lōʻihi o ka Ni deposition e pili ana i nā waiwai plasmonic ili o nā kiʻi lahilahi Cu / Ni o kā mākou ʻōnaehana.
ʻO ka puʻunaue ʻana o ka nui o (a) Cu, (b) CuNi15, a me (c) CuNi20 kiʻi ʻoniʻoni lahilahi i loaʻa mai ka topography AFM.
He kuleana koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ka morphology nui i ka hoʻonohonoho spatial o nā hale topographic i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi. Hōʻike ka papa 2 i nā ʻāpana topographic e pili ana i ke kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka palapala AFM, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia e nā koina manawa o ka mean roughness (Sa), skewness (Ssk), a me kurtosis (Sku). ʻO nā koina Sa he 1.12 (Cu), 3.17 (CuNi15) a me 5.34 nm (CuNi20), i kēlā me kēia, e hōʻoia ana i ka lilo ʻana o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka manawa deposition Ni. Hoʻohālikelike kēia mau waiwai i nā mea i hōʻike mua ʻia e Arman et al.33 (1–4 nm), Godselahi et al.34 (1–1.05 nm) a me Zelu et al.36 (1.91–6.32 nm), kahi e like ai. Ua hana ʻia ka sputtering me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau ʻano e waiho i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni o Cu / Ni NPs. Eia naʻe, ua waiho ʻo Ghosh et al.37 i nā Cu / Ni multilayers e ka electrodeposition a hōʻike i nā waiwai roughness kiʻekiʻe, ʻike ʻia ma ka laulā o 13.8 a 36 nm. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo nā ʻokoʻa o nā kinetics o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ʻili e nā ʻano deposition like ʻole hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ʻili me nā ʻano kikoʻī like ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke ʻike ʻia he kūpono ke ʻano RF-PECVD no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni o Cu / Ni NPs me ka roughness ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 6.32 nm.
No ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ʻo nā manawa helu helu kiʻekiʻe ʻo Ssk a me Sku e pili ana i ka asymmetry a me ka maʻamau o ka mahele kiʻekiʻe. He maikaʻi nā koina Ssk (Ssk> 0), e hōʻike ana i kahi huelo ʻākau ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia e ka māhele kiʻekiʻe ma ka inset 2. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomalu ʻia nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e kahi kiʻekiʻe 39 (Sku> 3) , e hōʻike ana i ka pihi ʻO ka māhele kiʻekiʻe he liʻiliʻi ka palahalaha ma mua o ka pihi bele Gaussian. ʻO ka laina ʻulaʻula ma ka pānaʻi mahele kiʻekiʻe ʻo ia ka Abbott-Firestone 40 curve, kahi ʻano helu helu kūpono no ka loiloi ʻana i ka puʻunaue maʻamau o ka ʻikepili. Loaʻa kēia laina mai ka huina kumulative ma luna o ka histogram kiʻekiʻe, kahi e pili ai ka piko kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻauwai hohonu i ko lākou mau kumu liʻiliʻi (0%) a me ka nui (100%). He ʻano S maʻemaʻe kēia mau ʻāpana Abbott-Firestone ma ka axis-y a ma nā hihia āpau e hōʻike ana i ka piʻi holomua o ka pākēneka o nā mea i hele ma luna o kahi i uhi ʻia, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka piko ʻoi loa a ikaika loa. Hōʻoia kēia i ka hoʻolālā spatial o ka ʻili, ka mea i hoʻopili nui ʻia e ka manawa nickel deposition.
Papa 3 papa inoa i na kikoo kikoo ISO morphology pili i kela a me keia ili i loaa mai na kii AFM. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ka ʻāpana i ka lākiō waiwai (Smr) a me ka ʻāpana kūʻē i ka ratio waiwai (Smc) he mau palena hana ili29. No ka laʻana, hōʻike kā mākou mau hualoaʻa i ka ʻāina ma luna o ka mokulele waena o ka ʻili i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a pau (Smr = 100%). Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa nā waiwai o Smr mai nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka coefficient area bearing o ka terrain41, no ka mea, ʻike ʻia ka ʻāpana Smc. Ua wehewehe ʻia ke ʻano o Smc e ka piʻi ʻana o ka roughness mai Cu → CuNi20, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai ʻo ke kumu kūʻai koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe loa i loaʻa no CuNi20 hāʻawi iā Smc ~ 13 nm, aʻo ka waiwai no Cu ma kahi o 8 nm.
ʻO nā ʻāpana hoʻohui ʻia ʻo RMS gradient (Sdq) a me ka ratio i hoʻomohala ʻia (Sdr) nā ʻāpana pili i ka palahalaha kikokikona a me ka paʻakikī. Mai Cu → CuNi20, nā helu Sdq mai 7 a 21, e hōʻike ana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka topographic i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka wā i waiho ʻia ai ka papa Ni no 20 min. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole i pālahalaha ka ʻili o CuNi20 e like me ka Cu. Eia hou, uaʻikeʻia ka waiwai o ka mea hoʻohālikelike Sdr, pili i ka paʻakikī o ka microtexture o ka honua, e hoʻonui mai Cu → CuNi20. Wahi a kahi noiʻi a Kamble et al.42, piʻi ka paʻakikī o ka microtexture surface me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka Sdr, e hōʻike ana i ka CuNi20 (Sdr = 945%) i ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka microstructure ma mua o nā kiʻi Cu (Sdr = 229%). . ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka paʻakikī microscopic o ke ʻano he mea koʻikoʻi i ka puʻunaue a me ke ʻano o nā piko ʻala, hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai nā ʻāpana hiʻohiʻona o ka peak density (Spd) a me ka arithmetic mean peak curvature (Spc). Ma keia manao, Spd piʻi mai Cu → CuNi20, e hōʻike ana ua oi densely hoʻonohonoho 'ia nā piko me ka hoonui Ni papa mānoanoa. Eia kekahi, hoʻonui ʻia ʻo Spc mai Cu→CuNi20, e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano o ka piko o ka ʻili o ka hāpana Cu ua ʻoi aku ka pōʻai (Spc = 612), ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka ʻoi o CuNi20 (Spc = 925).
Hōʻike ʻia ka moʻolelo koʻikoʻi o kēlā me kēia kiʻiʻoniʻoni i nā hiʻohiʻona spatial kūʻokoʻa i ka piko, ke kumu, a me nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kumu (Sk), ka emi ʻana o ka piko (Spk) (ma luna o ke kumu), a me ka pā (Svk) (ma lalo o ke kumu) 31,43 nā ʻāpana i ana pono ʻia i ka mokulele honua30 a hoʻonui mai Cu → CuNi20 ma muli o ka ʻeleʻele ʻili Ka piʻi nui ʻana. Pēlā nō, ʻo ka mea kiʻekiʻe (Vmp), ka mea nui (Vmc), ke kīwaha ʻole (Vvv), a me ka leo kumu ʻole (Vvc)31 e hōʻike i ke ʻano like me ka piʻi ʻana o nā waiwai āpau mai Cu → CuNi20. Hōʻike kēia ʻano e hiki i ka ʻili CuNi20 ke hoʻopaʻa i ka wai ʻoi aʻe ma mua o nā laʻana ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka maikaʻi, e hōʻike ana he maʻalahi kēia ʻili i ka smear44. No laila, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mānoanoa o ka papa nickel mai CuNi15 → CuNi20, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao topographic lag ma hope o nā hoʻololi i nā ʻāpana morphological kiʻekiʻe, e pili ana i ka microtexture o ka ʻili a me ke ʻano spatial o ke kiʻi.
Ua loaʻa ka loiloi qualitative o ke ʻano microscopic o ka ʻili kiʻi ma ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi palapala topographic AFM me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polokalamu kalepa ʻo MountainsMap45. Hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 4, e hōʻike ana i kahi awāwa ʻelele a me kahi ʻāpana polar e pili ana i ka ʻili. Hōʻike ka papa 4 i nā koho slot a me ka hakahaka. Hōʻike nā kiʻi o nā grooves i ka mana o ka hāpana e kahi ʻōnaehana like o nā kahawai me kahi homogeneity i ʻōlelo ʻia o nā grooves. Eia naʻe, hoʻonui nā palena no ka hohonu o ka hohonu (MDF) a me ka hohonu o ka groove (MDEF) mai Cu a CuNi20, e hōʻoia ana i nā ʻike mua e pili ana i ka hiki ke lubricity o CuNi20. Pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka Cu (Fig. 4a) a me CuNi15 (Fig. 4b) like me nā unahi kala like, e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole i hoʻololi nui ka microtexture o ka ʻili kiʻi Cu ma hope o ka waiho ʻana o ke kiʻi Ni no 15. min. ʻO ka mea likeʻole,ʻo ka CuNi20 sample (Fig. 4c) hōʻike i nā wrinkles me nā unahi kala likeʻole, e pili ana i kona kiʻekiʻe MDF a me MDEF waiwai.
ʻO nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻo Cu (a), CuNi15 (b), a me CuNi20 (c) nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
ʻO ke kiʻi polar ma ka fig. Hōʻike pū ka 4 he ʻokoʻa ka microtexture o ka ʻili. He mea pono ke hoʻololi i ka waiho ʻana o kahi papa Ni i ke ʻano spatial. ʻO ka isotropy microtextural i helu ʻia o nā laʻana he 48% (Cu), 80% (CuNi15), a me 81% (CuNi20). Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka waiho ʻana o ka papa Ni e kōkua i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi microtexture isotropic, ʻoiai ʻo ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni Cu hoʻokahi i ʻoi aku ka microtexture anisotropic surface. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā alapine spatial nui o CuNi15 a me CuNi20 ma muli o kā lākou lōʻihi autocorrelation nui (Sal)44 i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā laʻana Cu. Hoʻohui pū ʻia kēia me ke ʻano o ka palaoa like i hōʻike ʻia e kēia mau laʻana (Std = 2.5 ° a me Std = 3.5 °), ʻoiai ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi waiwai nui loa no ka laʻana Cu (Std = 121 °). Ma muli o kēia mau hopena, hōʻike nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a pau i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka spatial lōʻihi ma muli o ka morphology like ʻole, nā ʻaoʻao topographic, a me ka ʻino. No laila, ke hōʻike nei kēia mau hopena i ka hana nui ʻana o ka manawa waiho ʻana o ka papa Ni i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o CuNi bimetallic sputtered surfaces.
No ke aʻo ʻana i ka hana LSPR o Cu / Ni NPs i ka lewa ma ka lumi wela a me nā ʻano kinoea CO like ʻole, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka spectra absorption UV-Vis i ka lōʻihi hawewe o 350-800 nm, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 5 no CuNi15 a me CuNi20. Ma ka hoʻokomoʻana i nā densities kahe o ke kinoea CO likeʻole, eʻoi aku ka nui o ka LSPR CuNi15 peak, eʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka absorption, a e hoʻololi ka piko (redshift) i nā hawewe kiʻekiʻe, mai 597.5 nm i ka ea i 16 L / h 606.0 nm. CO kahe no 180 kekona, 606.5 nm, CO kahe 16 l/h no 600 kekona. Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, hōʻike ʻo CuNi20 i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa, no laila ka piʻi ʻana o ke kahe o ke kinoea CO i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka LSPR peak wavelength position (blueshift) mai 600.0 nm i ka holo ʻana o ka ea i 589.5 nm ma 16 l/h CO kahe no 180 s . 16 l/h CO kahe no 600 kekona ma 589.1 nm. E like me CuNi15, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i kahi kiʻekiʻe ākea a hoʻonui i ka ikaika absorption no CuNi20. Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mānoanoa o ka papa Ni ma Cu, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui a me ka helu o nā nanoparticles CuNi20 ma kahi o CuNi15, Cu a me Ni nā mea e hoʻokokoke ai kekahi i kekahi, e piʻi aʻe ka amplitude o nā oscillations uila. , a no laila, piʻi ka alapine. ʻo ia hoʻi: ke emi nei ka lōʻihi o ka nalu, hiki mai kahi hoʻololi polū.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-16-2023