Arc narkewa hanya ce ta electrothermal ƙarfe da ke amfani da makamashin lantarki don samar da baka tsakanin na'urorin lantarki ko tsakanin lantarki da narkakken abu don narkar da karafa. Ana iya samar da Arcs ta amfani da ko dai kai tsaye halin yanzu ko alternating current. Lokacin amfani da madaidaicin halin yanzu, za a sami sifilin wuta nan take tsakanin na'urorin lantarki guda biyu. A cikin narkewar injin, saboda ƙarancin iskar iskar gas tsakanin na'urorin lantarki guda biyu, yana da sauƙi a sa baka ya kashe. Don haka, ana amfani da wutar lantarki ta DC gabaɗaya don narkewar baka.
Dangane da hanyoyin dumama daban-daban, ana iya raba narkewar baka gida biyu: narkewar baka kai tsaye da narkewar baka kai tsaye. Babban alamun fasaha da tattalin arziƙin narkewar baka sun haɗa da lokacin narkewa, adadin ƙaƙƙarfan tanderun kayan da aka narke a kowane lokaci naúrar (ƙarfin samarwa), naúrar m tanderun kayan wuta da amfani da wutar lantarki, kayan haɓakawa, amfani da lantarki, da sauransu.
1. Direct dumama baka narke
Arc na lantarki da aka samar ta hanyar narkewar baka kai tsaye yana tsakanin sandar lantarki da kayan tanderun da aka narke. Kayan tanderun yana da zafi kai tsaye ta hanyar wutar lantarki, wanda shine tushen zafi don narkewa. Akwai manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan dumama kai tsaye narkewar baka: mara injin dumama kai tsaye hanyar narkewar tanderu mai kashi uku da hanyar narkewar wutar lantarki kai tsaye.
(1) Hanyar narkewar baka kai tsaye ba mara amfani ba. Wannan hanya ce da aka fi amfani da ita wajen yin ƙarfe. Tanderun Arc ɗin da ke ƙera ƙarfe shine mafi mahimmancin nau'in mara amfani da wutar lantarki kai tsaye dumama tanderun wutar lantarki mai mataki uku. Tanderun wutar lantarki da mutane ke magana akai na nufin irin wannan tanderun. Don samun babban ƙarfe na ƙarfe, yana da mahimmanci don ƙara abubuwan haɗin gwal zuwa ƙarfe, daidaita abun ciki na carbon da sauran abubuwan da ke cikin ƙarfe, cire ƙazanta masu cutarwa kamar su sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen, da abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba a ƙasa. ƙayyadadden kewayon samfurin. Wadannan ayyuka na narkewa sun fi dacewa don kammalawa a cikin tanderun wutar lantarki. Yanayin da ke cikin tanderun baka na lantarki ana iya sarrafa shi don ya zama mai rauni mai rauni ko ma rage ta hanyar yin slag. Abubuwan haɗin gwal a cikin tanderun wutar lantarki yana da ƙarancin ƙonawa, kuma tsarin dumama yana da sauƙin daidaitawa. Sabili da haka, kodayake narkewar baka yana buƙatar babban adadin kuzarin lantarki, ana amfani da wannan hanyar a cikin masana'antu don narke nau'ikan ƙarfe masu daraja daban-daban.
(2) Hanyar narkewa ta hanyar dumama kai tsaye. Ana amfani da shi musamman don narkar da karafa masu aiki da manyan abubuwan narkewa kamar su titanium, zirconium, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, da gami da su. Ana kuma amfani da shi don narkar da karafa irin su karfe mai jure zafi, bakin karfe, karfen kayan aiki, da karfe mai ɗaukar nauyi. Ƙarfe ɗin da aka narkar da shi ta hanyar wutar lantarki mai amfani da wutar lantarki kai tsaye yana da raguwar iskar gas da ƙazanta maras tabbas, kuma ingot gabaɗaya ba shi da porosity na tsakiya. The ingot crystallization ne mafi uniform, kuma karfe Properties an inganta. Matsalar kai tsaye dumama injin amfani da baka tanderun narkewa shi ne cewa yana da wuya a daidaita abun da ke ciki na karafa (alloys). Duk da cewa farashin kayan aikin tanderun ya yi ƙasa da na tanderun shigar da injin, ya zarce na tanderun slag ɗin lantarki, kuma farashin narke shima ya fi yawa. An fara amfani da injin murhun wutar lantarki mai amfani da wutar lantarki a cikin masana'antu a shekarar 1955, da farko don narkewar titanium, daga baya kuma don narkar da wasu manyan karafa masu narkewa, karafa masu aiki, da karafa na gami.
2. Narkewar baka kai tsaye
Arc ɗin da ke haifar da narkewar baka na kai tsaye yana tsakanin na'urorin lantarki guda biyu na graphite, kuma kayan tanderun ana dumama su a kaikaice ta baka. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar narka musamman don narkar da tagulla da tagulla. A hankali ana maye gurbin narkawar baka ta kai tsaye da sauran hanyoyin narkewa saboda yawan hayaniya da rashin ingancin ƙarfe.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-25-2024