Domin samun ƙwararrun simintin gyare-gyare na tagulla, dole ne a fara fara samun ingantaccen ruwan gami da jan ƙarfe. Narkewar gami da jan ƙarfe na ɗaya daga cikin maɓallan samun simintin gyare-gyaren jan karfe mai inganci. Daya daga cikin manyan dalilan da na kowa lahani na jan karfe gami simintin gyare-gyare, kamar unqualified inji Properties, porosity, hadawan abu da iskar shaka slag hada, rabuwa, da dai sauransu, shi ne m smelting tsari iko. Abubuwan da ake buƙata don ingancin ruwan gami da jan ƙarfe sun haɗa da waɗannan abubuwan.
(1) Tsananin sarrafa sinadarai na gami. A abun da ke ciki kai tsaye rinjayar da tsari da kuma kaddarorin da gami, a cikin dosing fahimtar abun da ke ciki na daban-daban maki na jan karfe gami hawa da sauka kewayon da kona asarar abubuwa, sauki ƙona abubuwa zuwa dace inganta su proportioning rabo.
(2) Ruwan gwal na jan karfe mai tsafta. Don hana gawa daga shakarwa da oxidizing yayin aikin narkewa, cajin da kayan aikin dole ne a rigaya a bushe sannan a bushe, kuma a sanya crucible ɗin zuwa ja mai duhu (sama da 600C) kafin amfani da shi don guje wa kawo ruwa da haifar da buri. Dole ne a ƙara wakili mai rufewa zuwa wasu ruwan gami da jan ƙarfe don hanawa ko rage asarar abubuwan ƙona iskar oxygen da kuma guje wa haɗar simintin simintin gyare-gyare.
(3) Tsananin sarrafa narkewa da zafin jiki. Babban zafin jiki mai narkewa yana da sauƙi don haifar da gami don shakar, kuma haɗaɗɗen oxidation slag zai haɓaka, musamman don tagulla na aluminum. Lokacin da zafin simintin ya yi yawa, za a haifar da pores, musamman ga tin-phosphorus tagulla.
(4) Hana rarrabuwar kawuna. Saboda babban bambanci a cikin yawa da narkewa batu na daban-daban abubuwa, da crystallization halaye na gami ne kuma daban-daban, wanda shi ne mai sauki ya sa takamaiman nauyi segregation da baya segregation, irin su musamman nauyi segregation na gubar tagulla ne musamman bayyananne. sannan kuma juzu'in rabuwar tin phosphorus bronze shima a bayyane yake. Don haka dole ne a dauki matakan fasaha don hana wariya. Domin samun m jan karfe gami ruwa ruwa, shi wajibi ne don ƙware duk wani al'amurran da narkewa kamar tsarin, cajin oda, hana sha gas, ta amfani da m juyi, deoxidation, refining, tsananin sarrafa narkewar zafin jiki da zub da jini. zafin jiki, daidaita abubuwan sinadaran. Copper gami zai kasance tare da tsananin iskar shaka da abubuwan ban sha'awa a lokacin narkewa, musamman lokacin da aka yi zafi sosai. Copper alloy oxides (kamar Cu₂O) za a iya narkar da shi a cikin ruwan jan karfe, domin rage CuO a cikin ruwan jan karfe, adadin da ya dace na deoxygenation don cire oxygen. Ƙarfin tsotsan ruwan gawa na jan ƙarfe yana da ƙarfi sosai, tururin ruwa da iskar oxygen sune manyan dalilan da ke haifar da porosity na gami da jan ƙarfe, kuma tsarin cire iskar gas yayin narkewa ana kiransa "Degassing". Ana kiran tsarin cire abubuwan da ba a iya narkewa oxide daga allunan jan karfe da ake kira "refining". Lokacin da ƙarfe na jan karfe yana narkewa, musamman a yanayin zafi mai zafi, tsotsa yana da mahimmanci musamman, don haka yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa zafin jiki mai narkewa da aiwatar da ka'idar "narkewar sauri". Iri-iri iri-iri na jan ƙarfe sun ƙunshi babban ma'anar narkewa da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai na abubuwan haɗin gwiwa (kamar Fe, Mn, Ni, da dai sauransu), amma kuma sun ƙunshi ƙarancin narkewa da kaddarorin sinadarai na abubuwan haɗakarwa (kamar Al, Zn, da sauransu). , da yawa daga daban-daban abubuwa ne kuma manyan, jan karfe gami narkewa tsari ne mafi hadaddun, kowane irin jan karfe gami narkewa tsari bambanci ne kuma babba, don haka smelting ya kamata kula da oda na ciyar, Raw kayan da kuma ya kamata a ware kayan caji da sarrafa su sosai, musamman ma kayan cajin yakamata a hana su daga abubuwan da basu cancanta ba saboda hadawa.
A general tsari na jan karfe gami narkewa ne: shirye-shiryen cajin kafin narkewa, preheating na crucible, ciyar narkewa, deoxidation, refining, degassing, daidaita sinadaran abun da ke ciki da kuma zazzabi, scraping slag, zuba. Tsarin da ke sama ba daidai yake ba ga kowane gami da jan ƙarfe, kamar tagulla tagulla gabaɗaya ana tsaftace su ba tare da juzu'i ba, kuma tagulla gabaɗaya ba a lalata su ba.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-10-2023