Alloys bisa azurfa da sauran karafa. Akwai nau'i-nau'i iri-iri na azurfa, mafi mahimmanci daga cikinsu sune: kayan ado na azurfa-copper, azurfa-magnesium alloys, silver-nickel alloys, silver-tungsten alloys, azurfa-baƙin ƙarfe da azurfa-cerium gami.
Kayan ƙarfe masu daraja tare da azurfa a matsayin babban sashi. Gabaɗaya, a yi amfani da tsantsar azurfa ko azurfa mai tsafta (99.9*** a sama) azaman ɗanyen kayan aiki, yakamata a guji bismuth, gubar, antimony da sauran ƙazanta masu cutarwa. Za a iya samar da azurfa tare da abubuwa da yawa a cikin ingantaccen bayani, mahaɗan tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin lokaci ko tsaka-tsakin lokaci, da kuma nau'ikan kayan haɗaɗɗun abubuwa da yawa (garin karya). Dangane da bukatun, ana iya sanya su zuwa binary, ternary ko polyalloys. Ana amfani da alluran azurfa a ko'ina a fannoni da yawa na fasahar masana'antu.
Babban aikace-aikacen kayan aikin azurfa sune:
(1) kayan aikin brazing na tushen azurfa, galibi azurfa-jan karfe-zinc gami gami da tushen abubuwan da ke tattare da tsarin gami, kamar tsarin AgCuZn, tsarin AgCuZnCd, tsarin AgCuZnNi; azurfa-nickel gami, azurfa-tagulla gami;
Dauke da 90% azurfa da 10% jan karfe gami da ake kira currency silver, melting point 875 ℃; dauke da 80% azurfa da 20% jan karfe gami da ake kira lafiya aiki azurfa, narkewa batu 814 ℃; dauke da 40% ko 60% azurfa da jan karfe, zinc, cadmium gami da ake kira azurfa solder, narkewar batu fiye da 600 ℃. Anfi amfani dashi don haɗa manyan buƙatun ƙarfin ƙarfe na samfuran ƙarfe.
(2) kayan tuntuɓar da aka yi da azurfa, galibin baƙin ƙarfe-tagulla (AgCu3, AgCu7.5), da silsilar-cadmium oxide alloy da azurfa-nickel gami;
(3) kayan juriya na tushen azurfa, manganese tin alloy juriya coefficient yana da matsakaici, juriya yanayin juriya yana da ƙasa, yuwuwar thermal na jan ƙarfe kaɗan ne, ana iya amfani da shi azaman madaidaicin resistor da kayan iska mai ƙarfi; azurfa molybdenum gami, azurfa tungsten gami, azurfa ferroalloy, azurfa cadmium gami;
(4) kayan plating na azurfa, waɗanda aka saba amfani da su na azurfa-tin alloy AgSn3 ~ 5, AgPb0.4 ~ 0.7, AgPd3 ~ 5 da sauransu;
(5) Azurfa na tushen hakori kayan, azurfa amalgam, kuma aka sani da amalgam, shi ne mercury a matsayin sauran ƙarfi, silver-Copper-tin-zinc a matsayin gami foda, da dauki faruwa ta hanyar nika da samuwar wani irin gami, shi ne mafi manufa veneer kayan. Azurfa amalgam AgxHg, farar m gaggautsa. Abubuwan da ke ciki sun bambanta dangane da yanayin da aka samu; Ag13Hg (445°C), Ag11Hg (357°C), Ag4Hg (302°C), AgHg2 (kasa da 300°C)
Abubuwan gami na azurfa suna haɓaka.
Azurfa yana da taushi sosai kuma yana da sauƙin aiki. Domin inganta ƙarfinsa da kaurinsa da kuma ƙara juriya, tun da dadewa mutane suna ƙara tagulla a cikin azurfa don yin alluran azurfa-tagulla, waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin kayan ado, kayan abinci da tsabar azurfa. Domin inganta aikin gami da azurfa-jan karfe, sau da yawa ƙara nickel, beryllium, vanadium, lithium da sauran rukuni na uku na abubuwa a cikin gami na ternary. Bugu da kari, akwai wasu abubuwa da yawa da aka kara wa azurfa suma zasu iya taka rawa wajen karfafawa.
Ko da yake azurfa ba ta da ƙarfi a cikin yanayin halitta, amma yana da sauƙi ya zama lalata yanayi mai ɗauke da sulfur da sulfide. Haɓaka juriya na sulfide na azurfa kuma ta hanyar haɗakarwa, kamar ƙari na zinari da palladium na iya rage ƙimar samar da fim ɗin sulfide na azurfa. Bugu da kari, da yawa tushe karfe abubuwa kamar manganese, antimony, tin, germanium, arsenic, gallium, indium, aluminum, zinc, nickel, vanadium cikin azurfa kuma iya inganta anti-sulfuration Properties. Abubuwan tuntuɓar lantarki na tushen Azurfa suna da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan ana amfani da su, ana kuma amfani da su a cikin hanyoyin ƙarfe na ƙarfe da aka yi da ƙarfe na ƙarfe na ƙarfe, manufar ita ce ƙarfafawa, juriya da haɓaka abubuwan haɗin lantarki.
Fassara da DeepL.com (sigar kyauta)
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-07-2024